
Glass. 



EULt 



z 





SOLDIERS' MONUMENT, CITY HALL, CENTRE SQUARE. 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

OF THE 

CITY OF LANCASTER, 

LANCASTER COUNTY, PA, 

WriH SOME ACCOUNT OF ITS HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE ; ITS 

ADVANTAGES OF LOCATION J PLAN OF CITY <;OVERN- 

MENT; ITS CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS; 

LITERARY AND SOCIAL LIFE. 

TOGETHER WITH 

COMPENDIUM AND STATISTICS ILLUSTRATING 

THE GROWTH AND EXTENT OF ITS COMMERCJAL 
AND MANUFACTURING INTERESTS: 

ITS RAILROAD CONNECTIONS AND ITS 
PUBLIC CONVENIENCES. 

AND ALSO THE 

ORCANIZATION OF ITS BOARD OF TRADE, 

AND THE PRE-EMINENT INDUCEMENTS OFFERED FOR THE ESTAB- 
LISHMENT HERE OF NEW INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES. 

A.\ ABSTRACT A.\r' BRIEF CHRONICLE OF THE TIME. 
ILLUSTRATED. 



COMI'ILED AND PUBLISHED FOR 

THE LANCASTER BOARD OF TRADE. 



LANCASTER, PA. 

1887. 



W)pi\ 



X 






By Transfer 

DopL. of Oomraero? 
MAR 81 1936 



TO 

THE BOARD OF TRADE 

OF LANCASTER, PA., 

AND TO THE SUCCESS OF ALL ITS UNDERTAKINGS 
TO PROMOTE THE COMMON WELFARE, 
THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED. 



COPYRIGHT, 1887, 
By W. U. Hensel. 



Designed and Executed at the Job Office of the 
INTELLIGENCER" PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT. 
Lancaster, Pa. 



Preface 



THE publication of this volume was undertaken at the instance 
of the Lancaster Board of Trade for its Committee on Sta- 
tistics. It is designed to present a general view of the resources 
and industries, the material wealth, the moral elevation and the 
social conditions of one of the oldest and best cities of the Com- 
monwealth of Pennsylvania. 

The statistics herein collected, compiled, digested and tabulated 
have been obtained by conscientious inquiry and from reliable 
report. "Without the aid of business men, manufacturers and 
others, by giving candid and clear statements of the facts in their 
possession, and in most cases known only to the individual," the 
compilation of such a work — even as imperfectly as this has been 
done — would have been impossible. 

For these and other favors from various quarters, whether solic- 
ited or volunteered, the publisher makes grateful acknowledgment. 
Especially is he indebted to Mr. D. McN. Staufifer, formerly of 
Lancaster, now of New York, a most accomplished engineer and 
intelligent antiquarian ; to Rev. Dr. J. H. Dubbs, president of the 
Lancaster County Historical Society; to J. M. W. Geist, Esq., 
editor, and Mr. F. R. Diffenderffer, associate editor, of the New 
Era; to Mr. Thos. F. McElligott, of the Intelligencer ; to Mr. R. 
J. Houston, of the wholesale trade ; to Mr. John C. Hager, 
president, and Mr. H. C. Moore, secretary, the efficient officers 
of the Board of Trade, and to Mr. Geo. N. Reynolds and his 
associates on the Committee of Statistics, for many fruitful sugges- 
tions and much valuable aid. 

The illustrations which accompany the work are believed to add 
to its interest and permanent value. The subjects of them were 
selected solely because they were characteristic and without any 
reference to private interests. Among them are included the three 
leading public buildings of the county, and several representative 



Vi PREFACE. 

manufacturing establishments. The maps which are enclosed have 
been prepared e.specially for this volume, and will help to illustrate 
its text. 

The enterprise and hearty co-operation of many of Lancaster's 
leading business men have made possible the publication and gen- 
eral distribution of the book. It is intended as an advertisement 
only in the broad sense that every publication setting forth the 
actual conditions ot a prosperous and public spirited community is 
such. For the arrangement of the matter and such comment or 
opinion as is comprised within it the publisher alone is responsible. 
He has not written nor altered a line by reason of the relations of 
any individual, firm or interest with the Board of Trade nor on 
account of their attitude toward its publication. The sole purpose 
kept in view has been to fully and fairly present the subjects set 
forth on the title page. 

w. u. H. 
Lancaster, Fa., March 22, 1887. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

An Old Shire Town. 



The County Seat of a Great County — The First Agricultural District in the 
United States — Its Composite Citizenship — Enormous Wealth, Light Taxes 
and Small Debt — Lancaster's Advantages of Location — Railroads, Finished 
and Proj ected, i-io 

CHAPTER n. 

The Municipality. 

The Rank of the City in Population — Its Plan of Government — An Abundant 
Water Supply to be increased — The Streets, Sewerage and Sanitary Condi- 
tions — Street Railways — Lighting the City by Gas, Incandescent and Arc 
Electric Lights — An Efficient Fire Department — Rapid Decrease of the City 
Debt, II-20 

CHAPTER III. 

Some Social Features. 

A Well-Housed Population of 30,000 — The Churches and Their Freedom From 
Debt — A Famous College and Good System of Popular Education — Libraries 
and Literary Life — The Learned Professions — Bench and Bar, Doctor and 
and Dentist, Press and Preacher — Cheap and Abundant Markets — Mirth and 
Music — Public Entertainments — Beneficial Orders and Agencies of Charity — 
To Bury or Burn, 21-33 

CHAPTER IV. 

Commercial and Financial. 

The Enterprise of Local Merchants — Success of the Wholesale Trade — Nearly 
Four Millions of Retail Business — The Solid Banks of Lancaster — Building 
Associations — Hotels and Boarding Houses — Culture of Leaf Tobacco — The 
Warehouse Trade and Cigar-Making Industry — Operations in Live Stock — 
Fattening and Shipping Cattle and Horses, 34-48 



viii TAKLE OF CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER V. 

Many Manufacturing Industries. 

Lancaster Ahead in Variety of Small Manufactures — The Cotton Factories of the 
City— Furnace, Rolling Mill, Boiler Works, Machine Shops and Other Iron 
Works — Watches, Corks and Combs, Carriages and Boxes, Files and Edge 
Tools, Rifles and Locks, Quilts and Horse Collars, Umbrellas and Incubators,. 
Soap and Shoes, Knit Goods and Carpets — Plumbers and Printers, Brick- 
Makers and Builders, Butchers and Bakers, 49-75 

CHAPTER VI. 

The Board of Trade. 

Its Organization and Its Objects — Plans of Public Improvements — New Manu- 
facturing Enterprises — Lancaster's Pre-eminent Advantages — Reasons for Lo- 
cating Manufactures in Lancaster — A Number 'of New Industries Likely to 
be soon Established — Offers of Free Ground for Factory Sites — Organized 
Aid to New Industries, 76-80 

APPENDIX. 

A.— The Conestoga Water, 81-83. B.— Meteorological, 84. C. — Popular 
Pleasure Grounds, 85. D. — United States Government Business, 86. E. — 
Lancaster's National Banks, 87-89. F. — Board of Trade Organization, 90-97. 
G.— Addenda, 98. 

PART II. 

Representative Business Interests of Lancaster. — ^The Old 
AND the New. 
The Business of Lancaster Quickened by a Spirit of Progress — Enterprise, Ag- 
gression and Energy Reaching Cut for New Fields — The Men and Firms 
Who Make the Business Prosperity of the City — An Epitome of Its Present 
Commercial Activity — Illustrations of Leading Business Houses and Manu- 
factures, 1-70 



INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 



(Illuminated Cover designed by D. McN. Stauffer. Engravings from photo- 
graphs by B. Frank Saylor, made expressly for this publication.) 

PART I. 

Soldiers' Monument, City Hall, Centre Square, Frontispiece. 

Lancaster County Court House, .- Page I 

Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station, " 8 

Lancaster County Prison, 1851-1887, " 16 

Lemon Street Secondary School House, " 24 

Farmers' Northern Market House, " 28 

St. Mary's Catholic Church, Interior, " 32 

Baumgardners' Tobacco Warehouses, " 41 

Penn Iron Co.'s Works, " 49 

Conestogo Cotton Mill,No. 2, " 56 

Keystone Watch Factory, " 64 

At Buchanan's Old Home, " 72 

Lancaster County Aims-House, " 81 

Fulton Opera House, " 88 

PART II. 

Geo. M. Steinman & Co.'s Store, Page 3 

New Era Printing House " 18 

H. Martin's Brick Machine Factory, " 20 

Stevens House, " 26 

Philip Doersom's Carriage Works, " 29 

Conestoga Cork Works, ' " 41 

Watt & Shand's Dry Goods Store, " 44 

Intelligencer Building, Reed, McGrann & Co.'s Bank, " 52 

Levan & Sons' Flour Mill, " 55 

Frank A. Rieker's "Star" Brewery, " 70 

ACCOMPANYING MAPS. 

Lancaster, with its Railroad Connections. 

Plan of Lancaster City, Public Buildings, Manufacturing Establishments and Sites 




?#«*■=' 



LANCASTER COUNTY COURT HOUSE. 



Resources and Industries 



CITY OF LANCASTER 



CHAPTER I. 



AN OLD SHIRE TOWN. 

The County Seat of a Great County — The First Agricultural District 
in the United States — Its Composite Citizenship — Enormous Wealth, 
Light Taxes and Small Debt — Lancaster's Advantages of Location^ 
Railroads, Finished and Projected. 

LANCASTER COUNTY is the first of the rural counties of 
^ Pennsylvania in population and importance. It is outranked 
in the number of people and amount of material wealth 
only by the city and county of Philadelphia and the county' of 
Allegheny, comprising the two cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny. 
One of the four original counties of the Commonwealth of Penn- 
sylvania, its boundaries formerly extended to the extreme western 
limits and reached far to the north. From its territory have been 
carved at different times the counties of York, Cumberland, Berks, 
Northumberland, Dauphin and Lebanon ; and from these in turn 
have been erected many others of the counties of the State. But 
since 1816, the integrity of its boundaries has not been disturbed 
and they will probably never again be threatened. A very decided 
mountainous ridge serves to mark the northwestern and northeastern 
lines of its territory, between Lebanon and Berks Counties; the 
Conewago Creek affords a natural line of separation from Dau- 
phin ; the Susquehanna River, retained entirely within the jurisdic- 
tion of Lancaster, rolls the whole length of its contiguity to York ; 
1? 



2 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

the Stones of Mason and Dixon's line are set along its southern 
border, and the Octoraro divides it on the southeast from the neighbor- 
ing county of Chester. No geographical feature exists nor is any 
local interest at all likely to arise that will ever suggest any di- 
vision of this historic and coherent bailiwick. For all time to 
come the City of Lancaster will be its seat of justice and the cen- 
tral mart of its trade. 

Pre-eminent among all the counties of all the States in the total 
wealth of its agricultural product Lancaster County owes its affluence 
alike to natural conditions and to long continued, careful cultiva- 
tion of its endowment. There is little rough and no mountainous 
land within its borders ; it was originally sufficiently timbered to 
supply all the earlier domestic needs and to meet the meteorological 
demands of this most highly favored farming region. Belts of 
timber fringe the slight ridges which traverse the face of the county 
and protect its fair fields from the destructive sweep of the storm ; 
noble streams of water roll across its bosom, affording irrigation 
to its plantations and water powers for its mills, outnumbering 
those of any other county in the State. In the pursuit of that 
original, continuing, self-supporting and self-existing occupation, 
which was the primary calling of man and is the basis of all national 
prosperity, the Lancaster County farmer has never exhausted and 
has constantly enriched his soil. By the skillful rotation of crops, 
the wise provision of animal manures, and the regular return to the 
soil of its necessary constituent elements, the most liberal yield 
has been followed with unmistakable increase of natural produc- 
tiveness ; and, even after twenty years of assiduous cultivation of 
tobacco,* the predictions of those prophets who foretold exhaus- 
tion are answered by a decidedly higher degree of fertility. In 
the main consisting of a limestone soil, the mineral resources of 
the county are of the most varied character, and the geologist has 
here discovered and the capitalist delved with success for granite 
and sandstone of the finest quality, slate and silver, zinc, copper 
and nickel, chrome and magnesia ; while rich deposits of iron ore 
are distributed over every part of the county. 

Whatever changes may occur in the American system of farming, 
owing to the gradual shifting westward of the centres of wheat 
growing and cattle raising, there can be no doubt of the continuing 
home market for the product of this most highly favored region, a 

♦See Chapter I\', on Tobacco Interest. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



garden adjacent to the great sea-board cities, with their teeming 
and rapidly increasing millions, whose demand for the products of 
high farming, of the truck patch and the dairy is enlarged yearly. 
With 170 years of history as an organized county, the present 
City of Lancaster during nearly all this time has been the seat of 
justice. Centrally located and almost equidistant from the furthest 
borders of the county, Lancaster is in easy communication, by 
railroads, turnpikes, stage lines, telegraph, telephone and daily 
mails, with 125,000 population, distributed among the townships of 
the county and in the various small towns which the census of 
1880 enumerates as follows, though many of them have grown very 
considerably since, and to the more important of them, in the past 
six years a gain of from 15 to 25 per cent, in population can be 
safely applied : 



701 
8312 



Adamstown, 

Columbia 

Elizabethtown, 

Manheim ! 1666 

Marietta, 1 2503 

Strasburg, I 1008 

Mount Joy, 2058 

Washington, | 700 

Akron, i 284 

Bainbridge, ' 669 

Bird-in-Hand, i 200 

Bowmansville, 250 

Brickerville, 127 

Brunerville ; 135 

Conestoga, [ 100 

Chestnut Level ' 125 

Chickies, 100 

Churchtown, I 170 

Denver 400 

Ephrata, , 392 

Florin I 587 

Falmouth, 273 

Gap I 285 

Gordojiville, , 150 

Georgetown, 204 

Greene, j 250 

Hinkletown 183 

Intercourse, [ 300 

Kinzers 1 770 

Lampeter, \ 191 

Landisville j 250 

Leaman Place, 80 

Lincoln, ' 353 

Lititz, I 1329 

Marticville I 97 

Martindale t 133 

Martinsville 75 

Maytown ' 660 

Mechanicsburg I 284 

Mechanics Grove, ' 100 

Millersville j 1121 



10 


1 Stage. 
R. R. 


' 18 


" 


10 


" 


13 

8 


f Stge 

Irr. 


12 




' 9 
18 


« 


21 


" 


8 


" 


20 




i 13 


Stage. 


12 


I " 


14 
16 


« 


14 
20 

{-30 


Stage. 
R. R. 


12 


" 


13 


" 


27 
18 


.. 


10 


" 


1 tS 




i 18 


Stage. 


II 


" 


10 


" 


14 


R. R. 


5 
6 


Stage 
R. R. 


11 


" 


13 
8 


Stage. 
R. R. 


9 


Stage 


17 


" 


10 


" 


15 


" 


7. 
18 


.< 


: 4 


St. R'y 



Millway, ; 50 

Milton Grove 72 

Mastersonville, 86 

Monterey 149 

Mount Nebo, So 

Mountville, 500 

Neffsville 400 

New Danville, 280 

Newville, i 169 

New Holland, , 1005 

Newtown, i 170 

New Providence, 1 113 

Paradise , 250 

Pleasant Grove ' 40 

Quarry ville 1 346 

Rawlinsville 180 

Rohrerstown, ' 450 

Ronks, 

Reamstown, 333 

Refton 34 

Reinholds 60 

Rothsville 343 

Rock Hill 73 

Safe Harbor, 691 

Salunga 113 

Schoeneck 150 

.Silver Spring 200 

Slack Water, 122 

Smith ville ' 60 

Soudersburg, 200 

Sporting Hill, 1 250 

Stevens, ' 200 

Terre Hill 600 

Voganville 177 

Wakefield, 75 

White Oak, 100 

Witnier, 185 

Willow^ Street 182 

Petersburg, 376 

Christiana 800 

L'nion 195 21 

White Horse 1 88 17 



17 R- R. 

16 I Stage. 
15 ' '' 

9 
14 

6 R. R. 

4 I Stage. 

6 R. R. 



10 Stage. 
23 I R. R. 
16 i " 
16 ! Stage. 
3 I R. R. 



Stage. 
R.R. 

Stage. 

R R. 

I Stage. 
I R. R. 
'. Stage. 

R. R. 

Stage. 



4 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

It was the observation of a President of the United States a few 
years ago that Lancaster County is a State in itself. It is a fact that 
it has more population than eleven other counties of Pennsylvania 
combined; it doubled in 1880 the State of Nevada, and almost 
equaled Delaware; it numbered more people than Dakota, New 
Mexico or Washington Territory, and more than doubled Idaho, 
Arizona or Montana. Of its 139,447 population then (now grown 
to over 150,000), 132,382 were native and 7,065 foreign ; 136,596 
white and 2,845 colored ; 68,672 male and 70,775 female; and of 
males over 21 years of age there were 34,945- With a large actual 
increase these proportions no doubt hold good. 

Of a total area of 620,800 acres, of which 556,314 are in farm 
lands, 490,922 of improved acres are divided among 9,070 farms ; 
and of this magnificent domain 461,344 acres are tilled — including 
fallow and grass in rotation — and 29,588 in permanent meadows, 
pasture, orchards and vineyards ; 57,937 remain in woodland. By 
the same authority the value of these farms was put down at ^69,- 
004,919; their implements and machinery at ^2,210,393; the 
value of the live stock $4,605,945 ; the cost of a single year's 
building and repairing fences $329,790, and the estimated value of 
one year's product $9,320,202. 

The relative rank, or ratlier the lofty supremacy of Lancaster, 
among the great agricultural counties of the United States, is told 
by a comparison with Monroe County, New York, the second dis- 
trict in the land. Its total wealth of product is but §6,382,976 — 
Lancaster County, Pa., leading it nearly fifty per cent. Lancaster's 
wheat crop is one-tenth the entire yield of Pennsylvania; of corn 
it produces nearly four million bushels ; its tobacco culture covers 
more acreage and produces greater yield than all the other counties 
of Pennsylvania combined, and even more than that of any other 
State in the Union, alone excepting Kentucky and Virginia. 

With all its splendid agricultural resources, the basis of an abid- 
ing and ever-increasing prosperity, this most advantageously lo- 
cated county has a wide diversity of interest. From the hill tops 
which crown the gentle slopes dividing its fertile valleys can be 
surveyed panoramic scenes that are as suggestive of active business 
life as of inspiring natural beauty. For extent of cultivated land- 
scape its equal is nowhere to be found. 

A very large proportion of those who till the soil are its owners ; 
its natural richness is their heritage, and its constant improvement 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 5 

no less their delight than the measure of their increasing wealth. 
New villages are constantly springing up and old settlements mak- 
ing rapid strides toward advanced town life. Each year sees 
hundreds of thousands of dollars expended in new and improved 
houses, barns, tobacco sheds and outbuildings. The luxuries of 
modern domestic life are sought and secured ; in many localities 
the advance of each generation is marked by notable development of 
taste and the realization of greater comfort and higher refinement. 
In such rural and suburban progress the business life of the county 
seat has one of the certain assurances of continued increase. 

Lancaster County occupies a political position in accordance 
with its historical importance and its material resources. It con- 
stitutes a single Congressional district — and its integrity is assured — 
two Senatorial and three Representative districts with six members 
of the General Assembly. 

It has for taxable purposes $86,824,823 of assessed property, at a 
valuation of two-thirds the real worth, and upon this a levy of two 
and a half mills collects adequate revenue for all its current ex- 
penses — the maintenance of its public institutions, penal and 
reformatory, charities and courts, roads and bridges, and the annual 
improvements thereto. A total county debt of only $200,950, 
bearing 4 per cent, interest, is not subject to any marked increase 
in the near future. With one of the most imposing and elegant 
court houses in the country ; new almshouse, hospital, workhouse 
and county farm near the city, worth at least $300,000 ; with a large 
number of new bridges and county roads traversing every section, 
the only considerable item of public expense in view is for the pro- 
jected erection of a new jail, and this can readily be met with the 
slightest temporary increase of the tax levy. The replacement of 
the present structure, (one of the most striking architectural objects 
in the State,) with a new edifice, will cause the removal of the in- 
stitution from within the city limits. 

A COMPOSITE CITIZENSHIP. 

Into the original settlement of this magnificent heritage entered 
composite elements of citizenship, in a proportion well calculated 
to preserve fit balances and to make a sturdy and yet homogeneous 
population. The German from all the valleys and hills where 
Teuton speech is heard — embracing on the one side the Lutheran, 
Reformed and Catholic, and on the other the Mennonite, Tunker 
and Amish ; Irish and the so-called Scotch-Irish ; English Quaker 



6 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

and Episcopalian ; French Huguenot — all came here and stayed 
here. They settled in different sections; they have intermixed, 
intertraded and intermarried ; until sectional, religious, race and 
family traditions and barriers have been thrown down ; the freest 
communication has made a resulting citizenship, where the widest and 
most varied conditions of creed and politics abide in greatest toler- 
ance. No one element has dominated ; and for more than the past 
generation there has been an intermingling that has contributed 
vastly to the business life of the community ; the "Mine Ridge " no 
longer marks the separation of the "Upper" from the "Lower 
End." 

NAMES NOT BORN TO DIE. 

The social, professional, religious and literary life of the county 
has always been high advanced ; and many illustrious names adorn 
its history as contributors to the various spheres of knowledge 
and of activity in all our busy American development. 

Not to dwell upon contemporaneous names and works, it may be 
recalled with pride by the Lancastrian that to science his county 
has furnished among its native or adopted citizens- a Fulton, Bar- 
ton and Haldeman; to history, David Ramsay; to theology. Rev. 
Dr. John W. Nevin ; to statecraft, George Ross, the Signer, 
James Buchanan and Thaddeus Stevens — one the only President 
ever credited to Pennsylvania, and the other the unchallenged 
Congressional leader of the dominant party in his country's stormiest 
epoch; to militar)- annals. Gens. Edw. Hand and John P. DeHaas, 
the trusted friends of Washington, and Gen. John F. Reynolds, one 
of the most distinguished heroes and most lamented martyrs of Get- 
tysburg's bloody field ; to medicine, the Bartons and Atlees, and the 
names of Eberly, Muhlenberg, Humes, Carpenter and Agnew ; to 
art, Eicholtz ; to education, John Beck ; to jurisprudence and law, 
Yeates and Lewis, Hopkins, Barton and Montgomery; and to jour- 
nalism, P'orney. What a wealth of historical association, of pro- 
fessional eminence, of high distinction in all the walks of life, of 
influence that has spread like the circling wave to the furthest 
limits of the land, is recalled by the old family names of Agnew, and 
Albright — who founded a church now comprehending a vast mem- 
bership; the Bartons, eminent in many spheres; Beates and Baker; 
the Boehms, the Baers, the Bombergers and Brubakers ; Bowman and 
Burrowes ; Caldwell, Cameron, Cassidy, Champneys ; the Ebys, the 
Erbs and the Eberlys ; Eshleman, Grubb, Haldeman, Conyngham, 



OF THE CITY OK LANCASTER, PA. 7 

Cooper and Ellmaker; Evans, Collins, Fahnestock, Franklin and 
Frazer ; Groff and Grosh ; Hambright and Harbaugh ; the Henrys 
of Revolutionary fame; that most numerous family connection, the 
Herrs, from whose loins sprang the Reformed Mennonites ; Wine- 
brenner, the founder of the Church of God, and Brinzer, the cen- 
tennarian, whose religious followers are counted by the tens of 
thousands ; Gov. Simon Snyder was born in Lancaster, and Gov. 
Mifflin who died here, was buried in the Trinity Lutheran grave- 
yard ; the Hiesters and Hubleys, the Humes and the Porters ; 
Jenkins and Carmichael ; the Fordneys and Kauffmans ; Keenan 
and Kramph ; Keneagy and Konigmacher; King, Kuhn, Kurtz 
and Kittera ; Landis, Lane, Latta, I-ight, Laverty, Long, Reynolds, 
Hager, Miller, Rreneman, Lowery ; Mayer, Martin and Maxwell ; 
McGrann, McEvoy, McGovern and Malone ; the Montgomerys 
and Muhlenbergs ; Nauman, Peters; the Pownalls and Pennells ; 
Reist, Ringwalt and Reigart ; Rover and Rohrer ; the Shipjjens, 
the Scotts and Shreiners ; Demuth, Steinman and Heinitsh, whose 
business signs yet swing where the soldiers of the last century marched 
under them ; the Steeles, SlaymakersandShultzes, Strohmand Stubbs, 
Brown and Brackbill, Williams and Wiley ; Zahm, Zecher and 
Zimmerman — and back again through and across the alphabet, 
with hundreds more of no less eminent rank, influence, respecta- 
bility and representative character. 

ITHE CENTRAL CITY. 

The well-located municipal centre of a district presenting such 
many-sided prosperity as Lancaster County must of necessity be a 
flourishing community, an agreeable place of residence, the seat of 
commercial enterprise and of manufacturing activity; and it is 
certain to continue so literally " while grass grows " in these fair 
fields, and ''water runs" in these congenial courses. Here are at 
hand the most favorable conditions for that agreement of labor and 
capital which is the basis of business success. Here is a home 
market of no mean importance, and here the abundant supply of 
the necessaries of life, upon the cheap and easy procurement of 
which so largely depend the health, the happiness, the comfort and 
the satisfaction of the wage-earner. 

In its relation to local conditions Lancaster is not more favor- 
ably situated than with reference to communication with the outside, 
either in the distribution of its product or the supply of raw 
material. The earliest line of railroad which extended across its 



8 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

territory was the Philadelphia and Columbia, now part of the main 
system of the Pennsylvania; its extensions and branches run 
from Christiana on the eastern border of the county to the Con- 
ewago on the west. On its line, only ten miles from the county-seat, 
is the growing town of Columbia, with manifold enterprises; grouped 
in and about it is the great iron-making district of the lower Sus- 
quehanna, embracing the furnaces, foundries and rolling mills of 
Columbia, Chickies and Marietta. Mt. Joy, Elizabethtown, Lan- 
disville, Rohrerstown, Mountville, Bird-in-Hand, Gordonville, 
Leaman-Place, Kinzers and the Gap are other considerable stations 
within reach of the county-seat by numerous trains daily. The 
freight and local passenger trains run on the main line via Colum- 
bia ; the through trains via Mt. Joy. A recently constructed " cut 
off," almost a straight line from the Little Conestoga to the Big 
Conestoga, is equipped with triple track of the finest construction 
in the world. The continuous lines of through freight trains no 
longer disturb and imperil the crowded streets of Lancaster city ; 
and all along this new line, skirting the northern border of Lancas- 
caster, are magnificent sites for warehouses, factories and industrial 
activity of every sort. 

The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad extends itself for thirty- 
three miles across the upper part of the county, through the flourish- 
ing towns of Denver, Stevens, Ephrata, Akron, Rothsville, Lititz, 
and Manheim to the Junction. Thence one branch runs to 
Columbia, crossing the Pennsylvania R. R. at Landisville, and 
another tends to Lancaster through Petersburg and Mechanicsville ; 
this line enters the city on the north, and its freight depot is the 
centre of coal and lumber yards, tobacco warehouses and various 
manufactures. It crosses the P. R. R. within the city limits, above 
grade and runs the whole length of the city, north and south, most- 
ly in the middle of Water Street and on grade. Switches lead to 
coal yards, warehouses and other shipping and storage places; the 
passenger station is in the Stevens House, the largest hotel of the 
city and near the business centre. The Pennsylvania station is a 
magnificent iron structure, unequaled along the main line, except 
at the terminal points, and in the most convenient part of the city, 
adjoining hotels and business houses ; its freight depot is near at 
hand and easily accessible for business men and manufecturers. 

Built as an independent line, but operated in connection with the 
P. & R. system, the Quarryville branch runs south fourteen miles 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. \f 

to the rapidly-increasing business town, which gives it its name. 
This new Hne brings the city and lower end of the county into 
close communication by six trains daily, and on its route lie a num- 
ber of flourishing villages, with diversified mercantile and manufac- 
turing interests. 

These immediate connections with the two great railroad sys- 
tems of Pennsylvania, and (through the Reading) with the north- 
ern trunk lines* give Lancaster easy communication with every in- 
dustrial and commercial centre of the country ; and the competi- 
tion of rival lines affords assurance of fair freight rates. On the 
main thoroughfare of the P. R. R. Lancaster is distant from Pitts- 
burgh 284 miles; from Altoona 168; Harrisburg, 36; Williamsport, 
129; Philadelphia, 69; New York, 159. On the Philadelphia and 
Reading system it is distant from Reading 43 miles, and has ready 
transportation from the anthracite coal fields ; to AUentown 79 
miles; Easton, 95; New York, 169; Lebanon, 29; Cornwall, 2^. 
A railroad down the east bank of the Susquehanna, from Columbia 
to Port Deposit, brings the county-seat into ready communication 
with the villages of that section and opens a new route to Balti- 
more, 83 miles distant, and tide water; to connections with the 
Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore at Perryville, Md., and with 
the Baltimore Central at Port Deposit. The narrow-gauge rail- 
road, that runs across the lower end of the county from Oxford to 
Peach Bottom, is within six miles of the Quarry ville terminus of the 
Reading system ; and but a short link, projected for early con- 
struction, remains to be built to bring Lancaster into connection 
with the B. & O. system, now so rapidly making Philadelphia and 
New York terminal points of its trans-continental trunk lines. 

A recently completed link of road from Manheim on the R. cS: 
C. to Cornwall, Lebanon County, the great Coleman ore estate and 
iron-making region, and thence to Lebanon, Jonestown and Pine 
•Grove, has given Lancaster an almost straight line north to the an- 
thracite coal fields, to be reached at Pine Grove, within 53 miles; 
while the road from Cornwall to Conewago, in the northwestern 
section of the county, has added another to the network of rail- 
roads gridironing the surrounding country and enlarging the 
facilities of travel and traffic. The accompanying map, illustrating 
these connections, presents also the projected line of the National 

*Large shipments of grain, live stock &c., from the West to Lancaster are 
made via Waverly, N. Y., by the Lehigh Valley and P. & R. R. R. 



10 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

Air Line, from Lancaster to Phoenixville, the road from Cornwall to 
Ephrata, and the Reading and Chesapeake, across the county from 
North to South, a new direct line from the coal fields to tide water. 

But the most important local railroad project and the one best 
assured of early consummation is the new road from Lancaster to 
New Holland. The construction of this will not only bring into 
close business relations with the city a flourishing town of 1200 to 
1500 people, the most important of its section, and a number of 
thriving towns on the way, but it will open up to quick communica- 
tion the entire Conestoga valley, northeast of the city — a garden 
of fertility and cultivation, most densely populated and blooming with 
all the signs of thrift and prosperity. Besides this net of railroads, 
a street railway runs to Millersville, four miles distant ; and turn- 
pike roads at fifteen points radiate out to all the different sections 
of the county. 

The Adams and other express companies have their lines and 
offices here, and each year sees a remarkable increase in business. 
The lines of the Western Union, Baltimore & Ohio, Mutual Union, 
and other telegraph companies, Continental and Trans-Atlantic, 
have offices here, and their competition affords the cheap day rate of 
one cent a word to leading points of the country. Beside the local 
telephone system, with many hundreds of instruments in the city, 
there is ready communication, by this marvellous invention of 
modern science, with Reading, Lebanon, York, Harrisburg, and all 
the considerable towns and villages of the county. 

What more favorable conditions of location could prevail to 
make the site of a flourishing city, with splendid opportunities for 
growth of population and the success of all well-directed business 
enterprises? 

In latitude, 40° 3' north; longitude, 76° 21' west; upon a con- 
siderable elevation, 350 feet above tide water, with excellent drain- 
age toward the Conestoga, a stream of good volume and current ; 
the surrounding country gently sloping from it in all directions, and 
no barrier of mountain, hill or river to obstruct its extension for 
many miles — the City of Lancaster, to attract the stranger, needs 
only to have him examine the condition of its municipality, its 
wholesome social life, the prosperity of its commercial affiirs, and 
the rare combination of circumstances centering here to promote 
and make prosperous the most varied manufacturing interests. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 11 



CHAPTER II 



THE MUNICIPALITY. 

The Rank of the City in Population — Its Plan of Government — An 
Abundant Water Supply to Be Increased — The Streets, Sewerage, 
and Sanitary Conditions — Street Railways — Lighting the City by 
Gas, Incandescent and Arc-Electric Lights — An Efficient Fire De- 
partment — Rapid Decrease of the City Debt. 

A VILLAGE known as " Hickory Town," as far back as 1721, 
supplied the site of Lancaster for those who laid it out in 
1728 ; it was organized as a borough in 1742, incorporated 
as a city in 1818, and the "new charter" under which it is at 
present governed was enacted by the Legislature in 1867. Congress 
convened here "on the run " in July, 1777, and from 1799 to 1812 
Lancaster was the Capital of Pennsylvania. 

Its population in 1800 was 4,292, according to the federal cen- 
sus ; in 1810 it had increased to 5,405 ; 1820, population 6,633 ; 
in 1830 the enumeration was 7,704; ten years later, 8,417; the 
next decade showed 12,369; in i860 the population reached 17,- 
603 ; in 1870 the increase brought it up to 20,233 > ^^^^ ^^^^ census 
of 1880 showed it to be 25,769 — males, 12,212, females, 13,557; 
native, 22,390, foreign, 3,379; white, 25,248, colored, 521. 
Since then no official census has been taken, but calculating upon 
the number of taxables, the residences occupied, the directory lists, 
the total vote polled, or any ordinary basis of enumeration, it 
is certain that an estimate of 30,000 population is very low, and 
if inaccurate at all it is below rather than above the actual number. 
The population, from 1870 to 1880, increased by the average per- 
centage of the whole country; in 1886 Lancaster polled 6,067 votes 
to 3,289 in 1868; and if Scranton with 7,727 votes has " 70,000 " 
population, and Williamsport with 3,906 has "28,000" people, 
Lancaster with great modesty can claim from 30,000 to 32,000. 

The municipality of Lancaster never accepted the Pennsylvania 
legislative act classifying cities, the operation of which has proved 
of very doubtful efficacy, while its unconstitutionality is now gen- 



12 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

erally admitted. The government is vested in a Mayor, elected 
biennially in February by the people ; Select Council, composed of 
one member from each of the nine wards ; and twenty-seven mem- 
bers of Common Council, distributed among the several wards, 
it is supposed according to their relative population at the time of 
the apportionment by the new charter some twenty years ago. 
Changed conditions have materially altered this relation, and a 
more just apportionment would redistribute the membership of the 
lower branch. At present there is but one polling place in each of 
the wards, for a total vote exceeding 6,000 ; and the suggestion is 
made for a precincting of the city, and an allotment of one mem- 
ber of Common Council to each of the precincts so created. 

Ordinances must be concurred in by both branches of the Coun- 
cil, and are then subject to the approval of the Mayor. The City 
Solicitor, Treasurer, Superintendent of the Water Works, Street 
Commissioner and City Engineer are elected annually by a joint 
convention of Councils. The Police, two from each ward and a 
Chief, are appointed and removable by the Mayor, subject to the 
approval of Select Council, and with the condition that the Ward 
Constables elect shall be included among the appointees. The 
improvement of this system, by removing all ward restrictions and 
the addition of a house sergeant, has been seriously considered of 
late. The experiment of non-partisanship in the School Board 
and Fire Department has greatly commended the introduction of 
that element into the entire administration of municipal affairs ; 
and one of the subjects now attracting the attention of business men, 
property-holders and substantial citizens generally, is whether the 
moral and material interests of the city would not be greatly en- 
hanced by the organization of a movement to elect and conduct the 
entire administration of municipal affairs on a purely non-partisan 
basis ; and without regard to any of the political distinctions prevail- 
ing in County, State or Federal affairs. 

Besides the Mayor, who has jurisdiction to summarily commit a 
class of petty offenders, each of the wards elects an Alderman with 
the powers of a Justice of the Peace. 

THE WATER SUPPLY. 

The entire supply of the city is pumped from the Conestoga, a 
pure, copious stream of water, wholesome for drinking and cul- 
inary uses and suitable for all manufacturing purposes. It is 
cai)able of furnishing 100,000,000 gallons ber day at the present 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 13 

works. The pumps and machinery are adapted both to the water 
power, owned and controlled by the city, and for steam power to 
whatever extent it is necessary to employ it. For many years obser- 
vation and comparison have shown that in the abundance of supply, 
purity of water, per capita consumption and economy of pumpage, 
Lancaster was almost unrivalled among the cities of the world. The 
water consumption by its people, about 1,400,000,000 gallons an- 
nually, is twice as much per- capita as in Buffalo, Boston, Cincin- 
nati, Philadelphia, Montreal or Brooklyn ; three times as great as 
in Baltimore and Cleveland; four times as great as Columbus; six 
times as much as in Dublin or Liverpool ; five times as great as 
Paris or London ; four times as much as Hamburg, Germany, and 
three times as much as Glasgow, which has the highest average of 
European cities. The actual cost to water consumers in Lancaster 
is less than 10 cents per 1000 gallons, which, in rates, is lower than any 
other city in Pennsylvaniaexcept one ; and in that city the rate for 
all water purposes, where a meter is not in use, is greater than in 
Lancaster. Nevertheless with the steady improvement of the 
works and the enlargement of the supply, the revenues from water 
rents have increased far beyond the current expanses and the inter- 
est on the cost of permanent improvements, as the following table 
of receipts will show : 

1874 — $24,000.00. 1878 — $30,126.85. 1882 — $41,247.10. 

1S75— 24,500.00. 1879— 3i»378.97- 1883— 46,270.83. 

1876 — 26,493.56. 1880 — 35,989.19. 1884 — 47,000.00. 

1877 — 29,256.89. 1881 — 38,326.92. 1885 — 48,138.52. 

1886, over $50,000. 00. 

The water rate in Lancaster for baths, hose and other domestic 
conveniences is lower than in Wilhamsport, Harrisburg, Easton, 
Altoona, Pottsville, Erie, Scranton, Wilkesbarre or Buffalo ; the 
regular supply for residences, rated according to the supposed 
amount consumed for ordinary purposes, is lower than in Williams- 
port, which claims to be the cheapest in the State; and it is de- 
cidedly cheaper than Harrisburg, Easton, Pottsville or Erie, with 
which comparisons have been made. To manufacturers the rate 
for engines is $2.40 per horse for the first five-horse power ; $1.50 
for the next fifteen; $1.40 for the next twenty, and $1.25 for all 
above that capacity. 

Notwithstanding the abundant supply and the comparative purity* 

*See Analysis, in Appendix. 



14 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

of the present water, provision is being promptly made to protect 
both from impairment. The erection of many new buildings in 
the northeastern section of the city, a part of which turns its surface 
drainage to a point above the present location of the water works, 
has demonstrated the necessity not only for an enlarged system of 
.sewerage, to meet the sanitary wants of that part of the city, but 
also the removal of the water works to a higher point on the Con- 
estoga, and the building of a new basin to purify the water and 
increase the present storage capacity. 

Through 36.45 miles of mains and the supply pipes of varied 
size, water is now carried by gravity to every part of the city ; and 
by the erection of a stand-pipe some years ago the more elevated 
portions that had been suffering were supplied ; but when the new 
reservoir — to be added to the present storage capacity of 6,000,000 
gallons — is located on the highest attainable ground, no portion of 
the city or of the immediate suburbs can ever be beyond the reach 
of its supply; and year after year, with increasing consumption 
and revenues, the average cost of water will decrease ; no circum- 
stance is likely to ever depreciate its wholesomeness of quality — one 
of the first considerations of comfort, health and happiness. 

THE STREETS OF LANCASTER. 

Lancaster's streets are mostly laid out at right angles, and a plot 
of the city, made in accordance with the Act of Legislature and ap- 
proved by the Court, has fixed their direction and set their lines to 
the extreme city limits. A copy accompanies this publication and 
shows how compact is the plan of the city, how readily accessible 
is its business and geographical centre to every part. New streets 
are opened, upon the application of a sufficient number of inter- 
ested citizens, by order of Court, at comparatively little expense to 
the city and light burdens upon abutting property-owners ; land 
thus brought into easy communication with the active business lo- 
cations can be secured for manufacturing purposes free or on 
liberal terms. No serious elevations or depressions hinder quick 
communication ; the thoroughfares are all of good width and most of 
them substantially macadamized ; Centre or Penn Square is covered 
with a durable pavement of Belgian blocks ; four squares of the 
principal streets leading out from it are laid with the same endur- 
ing, clean and economical pavement ; and the principle has be- 
come accepted by the city government that at least one square of 
such permanent improvement must be added yearly, by the joint 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 15 

contribution of the city and the property-holders directly benefited. 

The location of the town is admirable for complete drainage. 
There is no swamp nor sluggish stream to hinder it. A capacious 
arched sewer, following a natural water-course, receives the sewage 
of the city and carries it off to the swift current of the Conestoga, 
which bears it seaward. While each recurring shower of rain washes- 
clean the sidewalks and streets, the underground sewerage system 
has been rapidly extended to every portion of the built-up city, 
except the one at a natural disadvantage of location ; and when 
this shall soon have been provided for, few cities of the country 
will be superior to Lancaster in natural drainage and artificial pro- 
vision for the quick removal of sewage. The number of water 
closets, baths, &c., draining directly to the sewers, is constantly 
increasing ; and the old well-system is being rapidly abandoned. 

Naturally these conditions, joined with rare climatic advantages 
and a location on the most favored line of latitude in the temper- 
ate zone, with ample breathing room, numerous house-yards, well 
set with fruit and foliage trees, and an abundance of healthful 
vegetation, have promoted the sanitary conditions of the city. A 
Board of Health, appointed by the Court and supported by the 
City Government, makes and enforces through its executive officer 
regulations for the preservation and protection of the public health. 
No epidemic ever ■ prevails. The sanitary conditions are most 
salutary and invariable ; the average longevity is exceeded nowhere, 
and the death rate is lower than in any considerable town in this or 
any adjoining vState. 

STREET RAILWAY TRAVEL. 

A line of street railway starting at the Pennsylvania Railroad 
station runs down North Queen street, past the principal hotels and 
through some of the main thoroughfares, turns at Centre Square, 
touches the Stevens House, up Prince to Orange, out Orange to the 
West End, the Watch Factory and thence to Millersville, four miles 
distant, the seat of the great Normal School ; this improvement 
opens up a wide extent of beautifully situated suburban lots. An- 
other line of street railway starting at the monument in the Square, 
runs out East King to the Court House, up Duke to Walnut, out 
Walnut to the New Holland turnpike, thence to the Park. It con- 
veys passengers to the Lancaster Cemetery, Stock Yards, Penn Iron 
Works, and other points of interest and has its terminus and car 
depot in McCxrann's Agricultural Park, a splendidly equipped 



16 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

ground of twenty acres, where county fairs and every variety of 
popular amusements are held. This line is to be extended at once 
all around the northeastern section of the city, and will greatly en- 
large the present facilities of passenger railway travel. A third line 
just completed runs directly out East King to the county institu- 
tions, Rohrer's magnificent floral establishment, to Knapp's Villa 
and Tell's Hain, near to Witnier's bridge and the beautiful boating, 
fishing and skating grounds of the Conestoga. Other lines of 
street railway are projected for early construction, and ere long the 
city will be completely girdled and gridironed by cheap facilities 
for passenger travel. The city fares are uniformly five cents. For 
a long time an excellent cab service has been established. A half- 
dozen private lines, licensed by the city, provide four-seated cabs 
and coupes at all hours of the day and night; and 25 cents is the 
regular charge for conveyance of a passenger and baggage to any 
part of the city. Messenger service, transfer, baggage deliveries 
and other conveniences are all established at low rates. 

LIGHTING THE CITY. 

Four systems of public lighting compete for and contribute to the 
illumination of the city, its streets and stores, public and private 
buildings. Arc-electric lights are erected at the street-crossings 
and midway between them, affording most brilliant effect and 
flooding the main thoroughfares with illumination ; gasoline street- 
lamps are placed in a few of the remoter localities and more retired 
streets ; a local company organized for the distribution of Edison 
Incandescent light has put up thousands of lights since its success- 
ful establishment ; the Lancaster Gas Light and Fuel Company has 
its mains and supply pipes on every street ; they are laid out to the 
city limits whenever the territory is built up and wherever a demand 
exists ; the total number of gas consumers has increased within ten 
years from about 1,200 to 3,000; the annual consumption is not 
less than 40,000,000 cubic feet; it is steadily increasing; the rate 
for gas at present is $x.8o per 1,000: for fuel purposes in large 
supply special arrrangements and rates can be effected. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT AND INSURANCE. 

For many years, as in all other cities, the protection of property 
from the ravages of fire was committed entirely to the efficiency of 
volunteer organizations ; and the history of their membership and 
gallantry is a bright page in local annals. But, with the march of 



m^ 




OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 17 

modern improvements and the general advancement of the life of 
the city, the necessity for a paid department was promptly recog- 
nized. The adoption of the "call system" and the enforcement 
of the principle of non-partisanship in its organization and ad- 
ministration, have been followed by most satisfactory results. At 
present the Fire Department of Lancaster comprises a Chief, one 
hook and ladder and four engine companies, manned by twenty- 
eight men ; they are equipped with four good steam fire-en- 
gines and hose-carriages, a fire-escape truck and ladders, horses, 
nearly 5,000 feet of hose and all the necessary apparatus. The 
companies are housed in new or remodelled engine-houses ; an 
electric system of fire-alarm boxes and bells extends over the city 
and has been found to afford organized protection. The entire 
system is the property of the municipality, without a dollar of debt 
resting on it ; and experience has amply justified its establishment. 

Partly owing, no doubt, to the protection afforded by the gen- 
eral use of stone and brick as building material — somewhat to the 
prohibition of wooden structures within extensive limits; in part, 
also, to the high morale of the community and to the proved ef- 
ficiency of the local Fire Department, insurance rates are decidedly 
lower in Lancaster than in any other city in the State ; and agents 
universally testify that the risk is less. 

The following table of aggregate losses by fire in Lancaster 
shows a remarkable exemption from damages and assurance of se- 
curity : 



YEAR. 


LOSSES. INS. PAID. 


YEAR. 


LOSSES. 


INS. PAID. 


1883, 


$16,321.59 $11,361.74 
17,712.04! 15,71204 


l88q, 


$ 7,378.48 
48,000 00 


$ 7,016.08 
46,000.00 


1884, 


1886,* 





Total Losses, $89,412.11 ; Total Insurance Paid, $80,089.86. Average Losses 
per year, $22,353.03 ; Average Insurance Paid per year, $20,022.46. 

Considering the millions of dollars of insurance held here and 
the tens of thousands paid annually in premiums, it will be seen 
that in no city in the country are risks from fire lighter, rates likely 
to continue easier, or protection so well assured. A local mutual 
company of very safe and conservative management affords ex- 
traordinarily cheap insurance ; and it is much mooted whether 
Lancaster could not organize a successful institution for carrying a 
considerably larger portion of its own insurance. 

♦Estimated partially. C 



18 



RESOURCF.S AND INDUSTRIES 



All of the leading fire and life insurance companies of the coun- 
try are represented in Lancaster by active and efficient agencies,* 
and the volume of this business transacted with the surrounding 
country is very heavy. The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance 
Company of Milwaukee has a General Agency here, represented by 
Geo. N. Reynolds. It has $1,500,000 of policies in force in this 
county and §5,000,000 in the district reporting here, which comprises 
about fifteen local agents. 

DECREASE OF THE CITY DEBT. 

When the federal census of 1880 was taken the population of this 
city was 25,769 ; the debt was $564,142 ; the debt per capita was 
§21.90, and the tax (aggregated State, County, School and City) 
rate per $100 was $1.21. 

Compared with other cities of corresponding size, in different 
parts of the State, the following relation was shown : 



o ^ 



5^ 
u 5 



' 27,634 

27,563 

26,845 

24,933 

33.5^'0 

32,630 

28,229 

27,737 

30,762 

43,278 

, 18,934 

23,339 

Philadeljihia, ! 847,170 

Pittsburgh 156,389 

Scranton , 45,850 



Bridgeport 

Salem, 

New Bedford,. 
Suminerville,.., 

Portland, 

Manchester,.... 

Elizabeth 

Erie, 

Harrisburg, 

Reading, 

Williamsport, . 
Wilkes- liarre,. 



i 740,268 

1,162,488 

1,086,000 

1,596,974 

4,322,154 

972,907 

5.512,638 

1,148,729 

1,065,300 

999,000 

651,272 

95,097 

54,234,844 

14,134,296 

525,202 



$ 25.40 
42.18 

40.45 

64.05 
127.84 

29.81 
195.28 

41.42 

34.63 
23.08 
3440 

4.07 
64.01 
90.38 

7.09 



iS2.I2 

1-35 

1.64 
1.80 
2.50 
1.59 
2.10 
2.23 
3.62 
1.26 
1.70 

3-83 
2.05 
2.40 
3-96 



Commenting on this exhibit a local journal {New Era, Jan. 20,) 
said forcefully: 

"It will be noticed that two cities — Wilkesbarre, with a smaller 
population, and Scranton, with a larger one — have a smaller debt 
and consequently a smaller per capita indebtedness ; but this result 
has been attained at the expense of an enormous tax rate, amount- 
ing in the case of the first-named city to $3.83 and in the latter to 
$3.96, or more than three times greater than our own." 

*Upon first-class brick residences insurance can be obtaineil for three years 
for 50 cents per $100 ; for five years for 75 cents ]5er $100 ; on brick stores at 50. 
cents per annum ; and for frame dwellings for 5 years at $1.50 per ^100. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



19 



"Our tax rate is lower than that of any place approaching us in 
size, and less, in fact, than anywhere in the ten States named, save 
in the borough of Nornstown, where it is only$i.i8. On the 
whole, therefore, we believe we may reasonably deduce from the 
above the conclusion that, taking into consideration the relation of 
total debt, taxation and per capita tax, Lancaster is more favorably 
circumstanced than any other city of equal population in the 
Northern States. When we further take into consideration that 
our population to-day is at least 30,000, and our indebtedness only 
^466,253.96, we find that our per capita indebtedness at the 
present time is only §15.44 — surely, not a large sum for so wealthy 
a community as this." 

More recent investigations and comparisons with cities of the 
immediate locality, show that Lancaster maintains a signal advan- 
tage with regard to its financial condition. According to its own 
municipal book-keeping, every year recently has seen an increase 
in its sinking fund and a reduction of its debt: 



YEAR. 


SINKING NET CITY- 
FUND. DEBT. 


■ YEAR. 


SINKING 

fund". 


NET CITY 
DEBT. 


1879, 

18S0 


8117,958.06 ;?594,453. 96 
132,958.06 579-453-96 
162,35806 550,053.96 
180,158.06; 538,253.96 
199,058.06 519.353-96 


1884, 


8217,658.06 8500,753.96 
237.658.06 498,553 96 
249,958.06 483,253.96 
266,95806 /i66-J!Cinfi 


1885 


iSSi, 


1886, 


1S82, 


T887, 


1883, 









This too, notwithstanding since 1881 an addition of §24,000 to 
the total bonded indebtedness was made for permanent water-works 
improvement — showing an actual reduction in nine years of about 
$150,000. Thus, while other municipalities have headed toward 
new embarassments and bankruptcy, the City of Lancaster has 
every year decreased its debt, and lifted in this time over $4 per 
capita of its municipal obligations. 

By contrast with other cities of corresponding size, mostly of 
Pennsylvania, Lancaster appears to have a tax rate far below the 
average; and, in fact, lower than the lowest. Following is the 
aggregate City, County and School tax levy per $100 of Lancaster, 
and of some of Lancaster's neighbors: 

LANCASTER, i4'/< Mills on $100. 

Harrisburg, 36 mills on 8100 Scranton, 29 mills on 8100 

Wilmington, 70^ " loo Chester 18 '• loO 

Lebanon, 25 " loo Wilkes Barre, ^^yi " lOO 

Williamsport, 20 " loo Ilarrisburg, 36 " 100 



20 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

To be sure in some of these cities the_ assessment is further below 
the actual value than in Lancaster; but, with due allowance for 
this, the fact remains that, in its present financial condition and pros- 
pects, Lancaster is better off thati any municipality in the State. 

THE CITY'S BALANCE SHEET. 

The following annual statement, made under oath by the fiscal 
authorities of the city, January 29, 1887, shows that the permanent 
indebtedness of the city is far more than offset by its assets : ^ 

Assets. 
City Water Works, steam and water pumps, 36 miles of 4, 6, 8, 
10, 12, 20 and 24-inch mains, plugs, stops, &c., Boardman 

property and water-rights % 526,600 00 

City Hall 25,000 00 

Market Houses 125.000 00 

Station House and Lots 10,500 00 

355 Lamps and Posts 5.000 00 

Pipes, Tools, &c., at Water Works 2,500 00 

Hammers, Shovels, Picks, &c., Street Departments 325 00 

Safes, Furniture, iS:c , belonging to city 1,100 00 

Liens for taxes and water-rents 1,600 00 

Taxes for 1886 in the collector's hands 6,500 00 

Lancaster City bonds in Sinking Fund 269,958 06 

Gamewell lire-alarm, poles, wires, &c 6,000 00 

Fire dept., four engines, four hose-carts, truck, 14 horses, har- 
ness, hose, furniture, &c 27,500 00 

No. I engine-house and lot 7, 500 00 

No. 2 " " " 5.500 00 

No. 3 " " " 9,750 00 

No. 4 " " " 6,750 00 

Cash in treasury January I, 1887 23,136 99 

Total assets $ 1,060,220 05 

Liabilities, Jan. i, 1887. 

Funded debt at 6 per cent $394,512 02 

" " 5 per cent 41,700 00 

" " 4 per cent 300,000 00 

% 736,212 02 
Assets over liabilities % 324,008 03 

Funded debt, less amount in sinking Fund 466,253 96 

Taxable property as per adjusted valuation for 1886 12,670,000 00 

Bonded debts paid during 1886 29,000 00 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 21 



CHAPTER III. 



SOME SOCIAL FEATURES. 

A Well-Housed Population of 30,000 — The Churches and Their Free- 
dom From Debt — A Famous College and Good System of Popular 
Education — Libraries and Literary Life — The Learned Professions — 
Bench and Bar, Doctor and Dentist, Press and Preacher — Cheap and 
Abundant Markets — Mirth and Music — Public Entertainments — 
Benefical Orders and Agencies of Charity — To Bury or Burn. 

IN its various stages the growth of Lancaster's population ex- 
hibits no such phenomenal increase as that of some of the 
Western cities, nor even the rapid strides of some new munici- 
palities of Pennsylvania. But for substantial increase without back- 
set ; for steady conservative growth of numbers and of permanent 
wealth ; for the prosperous and solid basis of future development, 
few communities can show such satisfactory results. The present 
claim of over 30,000 population is based on no mere guess nor 
vain-glorious "estimate." It does not comprehend widely scat- 
tered suburbs. It is deduced from the occupancy of about 6000 
dwelling-houses, strictly and entirely within the exact city limits. 
The town is built with great compactness and, while front and back- 
yards, flower-gardens and fruit-lots abound, almost the entire popu- 
lation is comfortably housed within a mile of Centre Square, of the 
markets, the railroad stations, post-office, telegraph and newspaper 
offices, city departments, court-house, county offices, banks and 
all public conveniences. Beyond the more densely portions of 
the city lie many yet unoccupied sites for handsome dwellings and 
for manufactories ; but one of the great advantages offered for the 
location here of new industries and the gradual extension of the 
city, is in the fact, before referred to, that no natural barrier checks 
the indefinite expansion of the municipality. East and west, 
north and south, on every side and in every direction, stretch 
either on the level — yet high enough for good drainage — or with 
gentle slope, thousands of acres, at present subject only to rural 
taxation, for occupancy by industrial works, the mechanic's humble 



22 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

homes or fit site for the most splendid residences ; and wealth of 
scenery, beauty of view, healthfulness of location and rich supply of 
all the luxuries and necessities of domestic life are herein unending 
profusion. When to these are added favorable climatic conditions, 
exceptional social advantages, the refining and cultivating 
influences of churches, schools, music and art, literary organiza- 
tions and a refined family life, of cheap and well stocked-markets, 
low rents and all the modern conveniences of city life, with exemp- 
tion from the disadvantages of the crowded centres, some idea may 
be formed of the desirability of Lancaster as a place of residence. 

THE NUMEROUS CHURCHES. 

To the widely diversified character of its own original citizen- 
ship; and to the many different elements which entered into the 
settlement of the surrounding country — from which to the city 
flow all the streams of social life — and to the spirit of tolerance that 
has always prevailed, Lancaster owes a variety and number of 
churches, as well as the generous support of them, such as is prob- 
ably exhibited in no community of equal size. The following de- 
nominations are represented here by organized congregations, 
mostly with church and chapel edifices, stationed pastors, estab- 
lished Sunday-schools and other agencies for evangelical and mis- 
sionary work: African M. E.; Baptist, two congregations ; Baptist 
Brethren; United Brethren ; Church of God; Reformed, five con- 
gregations; Evangelical, two; Methodist, two congregations and 
one chapel; Lutheran, six congregations and two chapels; Mo- 
ravian; Reformed Mennonite; Old Mennonite ; Presbyterian, two 
congregations; Catholic, three parishes, one English and two Ger- 
man ; Episcopal, two congregations and one chapel ; New Jerusa- 
lem (Swedenborgian), and Jewish. 

Their churches are widely distributed over the city, and are con- 
fined to no section. Their total membership aggregates 11,392; 
and their immediate communities number over 20,000 souls ; 7,321 
children are marshalled under the banners of their Sunday-schools. 
The ecclesiastical edifices are mostly of substantial and enduring 
proportions, either recently rebuilt, refitted or refurnished ; and, 
almost without excei)tion, the condition of their financial affairs at- 
tests the most skillful and conservative direction. A detailed 
enumeration of the value of the grounds and buildings occupied 
by the various religious bodies of Lancaster — although estimated 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 23 

low — foots up $961,739.35; and against this there is owing the 
insignificant sum of $50,000; while, as an offset to this, a number 
of the congregations are in ownership and control of trust and 
other funds valued at not less, than $50,000. The average attend- 
ance at the churches* is remarkably good; on Sabbath day, at the 
hours which call or dismiss congregations, the streets are thronged 
with thousands of well-dressed and orderly attendants upon service; 
all business is suspended and places of entertainment are closed on the 
Lord's Day ; and from midnight Saturday until dawn of Monday 
the stranger is impressed with the signs of a well-ordered, law-abid- 
ing and self-respecting community. 

THE COLLEGE AND SCHOOLS. 

The educational facilities afforded to the people of Lancaster are 
exceptionally good, and they help to make it a most attractive and 
desirable place of residence — at the same time elevating the gen- 
eral intelligence of the community. Here are located the central 
educational institutions of the Reformed Church in the United 
States — its Theological Seminary, Franklin and Marshall College, 
and the Academy. The group of nine buildings which accommo- 
date these institutions, with a beautiful campus of twenty acres, on 
high ground in the northwestern part of the city, comprises one of 
the most notable points of interest in the county. The course of 
study is comprehensive, and the standard of the highest classical 
order. Headed by Rev. Dr. Thos. G. Apple, one of the famous 
teachers and theologians of the country, as President of the College, 
and Rev. Dr. E. V. Gerhart, President of the Seminary, the joint 
faculty is a body of highly learned and devoted men. The gradu- 
ating classes of the College average about twenty in number, and 
the attendance at the several institutions reaches annually about 
150. The ranks of the Reformed clergy, of the learned professions 
generally, and of active business pursuits in all ])arts of the country, 
are swelled by the alumni and students of these schools, many of 
them attaining high distinction in their respective vocations. The 
liberal endowment of the College, increasing steadily by private 
benefactions, will no doubt be materially enlarged by the "cen- 
tennial movement." This is to culminate in a great literary 
and jubilee celebration in June of the present year. 

Without lowering its high standard of liberal culture, the College 
has kept abreast with the spirit of modern scientific progress; and 



24 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

there has recently been added to its equipment an Astronomical Ob- 
servatory, with a telescope of about the same diameter as those in 
the famous observatories of Cordova, South America, of Munich, 
of Copenhagen, and of Cincinnati — in which astronomers of the 
world's first rank have worked and studied ; and not inferior to 
that with which the observations are made at England's royal 
station, Greenwich, whence the world's longitude is taken. Edu- 
cation in Franklin and Marshall College is practically free to the 
youth of Lancaster City and County. 

The Yeates Institute is a classical academy for boys, with an en- 
dowment of over ^50,000, founded by the generosity of the illus- 
trious family whose name it bears, and managed by trustees 
selected by the vestry of St. James P. E. Church. Its academic 
building and rector's home are situated in a central part of the 
city, and, though the educational advantages it offers are of high 
order, the rates of tuition are most liberal. 

Besides parochial and orphans' schools in connection with St- 
James' Parish, each of the three Catholic Churches — St. Mary's, St. 
Anthony's and St. Joseph's — maintains a large parochial school. St. 
Mary's Academy and Orphans Home are housed in a beautiful and 
commodious building, of recent erection and modern design, ad- 
jacent to the church. The Sacred Heart Academy, in charge of the 
Sisters of that beneficent order, and under the management of St. 
Anthony's parish, affords unusual advantages for the education ot 
girls in literary and musical culture, ancient and modern languages, 
the domestic arts and all the accomplishments of refined and useful 
womanhood. 

A half-dozen private schools, mostly for the primary education 
of children of either sex, a well-conducted Kindergarten and a 
successful Commercial college, complete the private educational re- 
sources of the city. 

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

But the most comprehensive, wide-reaching and liberal plan of 
popular education is, of course, the common school-system of the 
city. The direction of this is lodged with a School-Board of thirty- 
six members, from whose deliberations all considerations of party 
politics are eliminated; it is regulated by statute that its member- 
ship be divided equally between the two parties ; and the now 
well-established common] law of its organization prevents the seek- 




LEMON STREET SECONDARY SCHOOL HOUSE. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 25 

ing or taking of advantages by any party. The Board is comprised 
of representative citizens, who serve unselfishly with intelligent zeal 
and interest in their work ; their executive officer is the City Super- 
intendent, Prof. R. K. Buehrle. The High School of the city, 
under the principalship of Prof. J. P. McCaskey, has deservedly 
gained first rank among the institutions of its kind ; and the entire 
organization of the educational system, though long noted for effi- 
ciency, is rapidly improving. The financial direction of Lancaster's 
public school system has been conservative and prudent ; but new 
and highly improved buildings, with the most advanced apparatus 
and the best educational facilities, are added every year. The 
school-houses now building are located to the advantage and con- 
venience of the largest number, especially in the developing sections 
of the city. Upon the present assets of the School Board, very 
lightly estimated at ^250,000, there rests a debt of less than 30 per 
cent, of the amount; and the present low rate of taxation for school 
purposes, three mills on the dollar of valuation, provides not only 
for all the current expenses of the Board — including the annual 
payment of 5^38,085.50 in wages to 78 teachers — but gradually 
liquidates the indebtedness constructed for building and provides 
for constant improvements. The average total attendance at the 
common schools of Lancaster is 3,728. 

Lancaster is the place of publication for the Pennsylvania School 
Journal, the organ of the State Department of Education ; and it 
is fortunate in holding within its citizenship, and in enlisting in the 
immediate service of its local school interests, such distinguished 
educators as James P. Wickersham, L.L.D., long at the head of the 
State Department, and Rev. Dr. E. E. Higbee, the present State 
Superintendent. 

Millersville, the seat of the oldest, largest, most successful and 
most celebrated Normal School of the country, is virtually a suburb 
of Lancaster and is connected by a street railway, four miles in 
length. Lititz, the educational centre of the Moravian church, 
with its old and famous schools for boys and young ladies, is only 
eight miles distant by turnpike, and has close railroad, stage, tele- 
graph and telephone connections with Lancaster. 



26 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

LITERARY SOCIETIES AND LIBRARIES. 

Numerous societies devoted to literary and scientific purposes 
have at all times flourished in this city ; and lyceums, debating so- 
cieties, and literary and social organizations under various auspices, 
open their doors to young and old. The Young Men's Christian 
Association Library and Reading-rooms, put upon a firm financial 
basis by the prompt and liberal subscriptions of generous private 
individuals some years ago ; the Mechanics' Library and the libra- 
ries of the College, its literary societies and the Theological Semi- 
nary, number in the aggregate from 30,000 to 40,000 volumes, 
readily accessible to the general public. The Linnjean Society has 
for many years prosecuted elaborate scientific researches and pre- 
serves the valuable fruits of its labors. The Historical Society, re- 
cently organized, purposes to collect, preserve and publish all the 
material coming within the scope of its purposes. In great variety 
of form literary, scientific and social study is prosecuted with zeal 
and crowned with success. 

PROFESSIONAL LIFE IN LANCASTER. 

In law, medicine, theology and journalism, the so-called " learned 
professions," Lancaster has always afforded a field for the exercise 
of the highest talent and for rise to the rank of widest distinction. 
From the beginning its Bar has been conspicuous throughout the 
country for eloquence, ability and success; among the names of the 
dead of the past century shine many who obtained their rank in 
this forum, and of the eighty-eight members, now enrolled on the 
lists of the legal profession, nearly all are in full practice. The 
courts are administered by two law judges, upon whose discharge of 
their duties the people have set the seal of approval by re-election 
to a second term. The condition of business and the possibility of 
an early disposition of cases, may be inferred from the fact that 
the trial list for February, 1887, shows suits set down for trial that 
were docketed to the December term, 1886. There are eleven 
terms of court in each year. The Quarter Sessions business is brought 
up to date. A bill is pending in the Legislature to create a separate 
Orphans' Court judgeship for the expeditious settlement of deced- 
ents' estates; and, should it fail, the certain attainment of 150,000 
population by the county at the next decennial census, will then 
confer upon Lancaster the constitutional right to the office. An 
extensive legal library is the property of the Law Library Associa- 
tion. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 27 

The history of the medical faculty, numerous and distinguished 
in city and county, has been a very brilliant page in the annals of 
the profession throughout the country. Lancaster physicians have 
reached the head of it ; and, among the fifty-four physicians now 
resident in the city, nine-tenths are engaged in active practice. A 
local association maintains a high standard of professional life. 

The kindred profession of dentistry has been represented here by 
those who have attained national and even world-wide distinction 
in this modern science; and a dozen dentists are now practicing 
here with pronounced success. 

In theology and the history of religions Lancaster City and 
County, as has been previously hinted, have through their variety 
of denominational life, their large membership and prosperous 
church communities, maintained a leading place; and this has not 
been surrendered in any degree. 

Twenty-five daily, weekly and monthly newspapers supply the 
reading portion of the county with news and comment. Three 
English afternoon city dailies — the Examiner (Rep.), Intelligencer 
(Dem.), and Neiv Era (Lid. Rep.) ; and one German, the Freie 
Fresse (Dem.), have long reached the top-notch of local journal- 
ism, as measured by the high standard of State criticism. Their 
circulation in Lancaster and adjoining towns is numbered by tens of 
thousands, and each prints a weekly of wide circulation in connec- 
tion with its daily edition. The Inquirer is a Republican weekly; 
the Volksfreund, a German Republican newspaper of weekly issue, 
both of high order ; while the Pennsylvania School Journal, Mod- 
ern Cremaiist, College Student, Knights of Pythias Magazine, Law 
Review, Tablet, Der Familien Freund, and other class periodicals 
of monthly issue have extensive patronage. 

THE MARKETS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE. 

It is no idle boast that Lancaster possesses the best supplied and 
cheapest markets in the country ; and this in itself affords advan- 
tages for the location here of industrial enterprise, and the. engage- 
ment of cheaper but better satisfied labor than can be found in any 
centre of population of corresponding size. This is the nearest 
mart of those who toil the half-million acres of cultivated soil out- 
lying the city ; hither they naturally repair on legal errand or for 
trade ; they deal directly with the consumer, and handle without 
middlemen the perishable products of the soil, of the dairy and of 



28 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



the slaughter-house. For the accommodation of the public there is 
provided a large Central Market, in the middle of the city, subject 
to the control of the municipal authorities. A group of four 
market-houses here have been combined into two comfortable and 
commodious buildings, with 260 stalls for butchers, bakers, farmers 
and truckmen. 

But, for the greater accommodation of the increasing sections of 
the city, further removed from the central parts and within a half- 
mile of the city limits in each direction, there have been erected of 
late years, in quick succession, three splendid new brick market- 
buildings, of very capacious size and ample accommodation. 

The Farmers' Northern Market, corner of North Queen and Wal- 
nut Streets, a most substantial and convenient building, contains 
250 stalls down stairs, and there are almost as many up-stairs that 
can be utilized, whenever there is a demand for them. 

The Farmers' Eastern Market, corner of East King and Shippen, 
an equally eligible and commodious structure, contains nearly 200 
stalls admirably arranged, and the building is admirably located to 
accommodate the public in the eastern end of the city. 

The Farmers' Western Market, corner of Orange and Pine, and 
extending back to Grant Street, is also a noble brick structure, con- 
taining all modern conveniences, including about 200 stalls. 

The following reports from the daily papers, of current market- 
prices, in midsummer and midwinter, will illustrate the profusion 
and variety, at different seasons, of market-supplies, as well as their 
relative prices: 



Creamery Butter 

Butter f> lt> , 

Chickens, %•, pair, 

Ducks, V pair, (live),, 

Ducks, (cleaned) 

Turkeys, (cleaned),.. 

Turkeys, (live), - 

Geese, (cleaned), 

Apple Butter, f. qt.,.. 

EgKS, V doz 

Honey, » ft>., 

Lard, i^h , 

Cider, ^ gal 

Sauer Kraut, ^ qt.,.. 

Apples, "#, 14 pk 

Cabbage, f* head, .... 

Beets, liJ. bunch 

Cauliflower, f, head. 
Sweet Potatoes,!* J4 pk.' 

Turnips, ^ }i pk., ' 

Potatoes, 1ft j^pk ' 



JULY, 

1886. 



•25 

.18 

6o@.75 



JANUARY, 
1887. 



.20 
•15 
■25 
.09 



•35 

•25 

.6o@.7o 

• 50® -75 
.45@.6o 

51.00®$!. 50 

5i oo(tti|i.5o 
.8o@.9o 
■15 
•25 
•25 
.09 



I0@.20' 
.2® 6 

•05 
10®. 20 
10®. 15 

.lol 
.lol 



.06 

•15 

.2®. 6 

•05 

. I0f3'.20 

.10®. 15 

.10 

.o8@.io 



Onions, f, ^ pk., 

Carrots, f bunch, 

Celery, %* bunch, 

Hominy, %* qt 

Lamb, f, ft)., 

Mutton, f^ fti 

Veal,* tb 

Beef, T?* ft) 

Sausage, ^ ft)., 

Pudding, ^ ft) 

Ham, ^ ft'., whole 

Ham, '^ ft>., sliced 

Bacon, ^1 fti , 

Dried Beef, ^ qr 

Bologna, ft qr 

Corn Heef, |f ft) , 

Pork, ft lb., 

Beef, front quarter, 

Beef, hind quarter 

Beefsteaks, Rounds, &c, 



JULY, 



.20 
•05 
.10 

•15 
16® .20 
l6fa .19 
I0(« 18, 
o8®.l6l 



JANUARY, 
1887. 



13®. 16 
.24 
.12 



I2@.l6 



.20 

•05 
.10 

•15 
.16®. 20 

.i6@.i9 

.io@.i8 

.o8@.i6 

.12 

.10 

.i3@-i6 

•24 

.12 

.10 

.12 

.16 

.I0@.I2 

.o6@.o7 
.07@.09 

.I2@.l6 



OF THE CITY OF LANXASTER, PA. 29 

Markets are held in the several market-houses on different days 
of the week, at different hours; and the convenience of the several 
locations, with their proximity to the street-railways, adds no little 
to the facilities afforded housekeepers. There is great abundance 
of every kind of food supply ; and the scenes on the streets of Lan- 
caster during the market-hours of Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday 
and Saturday are suggestive of the fatness of the land and the fresh- 
ness of the supplies at market-stall and green-grocery. 

MUSIC AND OTHER ARTS. 

As in every community in which there is a strong infusion of 
German life and spirit, a decided musical taste and talent have al- 
ways asserted themselves in Lancaster. Besides that which finds 
expression through church, private and social organizations, two 
notable public societies for musical and social objects — the Maen- 
nerchor and the Liederkranz — aggregate over i,ooo members; and 
schools for instrumental and vocal instruction abound ; the advan- 
tages of comfortable residence and the charm of elevated social life 
attract hither teachers and votaries of musical culture; enterprising 
dealers in instruments, sheet-music, etc., provide for all the wants 
of the trade; and that side of culture which gratifies its taste or 
finds expression in music, has large opportunities for satisfaction 
here. 

The graphic and the plastic arts have due encouragement; no 
later-day painter of portraits has attained the celebrity that attached 
to the works of Eicholtz, in an earlier generation ; but, in all the 
modern branches of painting, crayon-work, and in the highest ex- 
cellence of photographic skill, Lancaster's artists have won wide 
reputation. Most of the many graceful and artistic monuments to 
be found in the cemeteries, are the handiwork of those engaged in 
the local marble-yards, which supply every variety of grave-stone, 
monument and memorial. In the higher forms of portrait-sculp- 
ture Lancaster boasts of a contribution to the National Gallery, the 
figure of General Peter Muhlenberg — one of the two marble statues 
placed by Pennsylvania in the Federal Capitol ; it is the work of 
Miss Blanche Nevin, of Lancaster, daughter of the late Rev. John 
W. Nevin, D. D., the sage of Caernarvon-Place and theologian of 
world-wide renown. The Soldiers' Monument, a shaft of Westerlj 
granite, 60 feet high, fitly inscribed to the memory of the local he- 
roes of the late war, stands in Centre Square. The figure of the 



30 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

Genius of America, which surmounts it, and the four statues at the 
base, representing the infantry, cavalry, artillery and naval arms of 
of the service, are all fine works of art and have furnished the orig- 
inals for numerous copies in different parts of the country. The 
patriotism and generosity of the })ul)lic erected this memorial; and 
even to the unartistic eye it has the educating influence of a "thing 
of beauty." 

For accommodating public entertainments there are a number of 
capacious halls with good stages, scenery, and all the accessories for 
successful and satisfactory theatrical, operatic and musical repre- 
sentation. The very best of talent in these and other lines of pop- 
ular entertainment are attracted hither. Fulton Hall, the oldest 
of them, is a modern opera house, handsomely furnished, arranged 
in parquette, parquette-circle and balcony, and it seats in num- 
bered chairs iioo persons ; the King-Street Opera House, a new and 
commodious theatre, just fitted up, will seat 1450 persons; Maen- 
nerchor Hall, in the magnificent new building and club-house of 
that association, will comfortably seat 750 ; and Eshleman's, Ex- 
celsior, Grant, Roberts' Halls, and other spacious rooms in the city, 
offer ample accommodations for public and private entertainments. 

THE SECRET AND BENEFICIAL SOCIETIES. 

Although it is true that the social life of Lancaster is free, ge- 
nial and hospitable, its tone has never been lax nor its standard 
low. The family tie holds here with unabating strength, and the 
fashionable demoralization that too often characterizes ''city" life, 
has not exercised its corroding and corrupting influence; " clubs" 
have not supplanted the domestic order of society, nor broken 
down the limitations of familv life. At the same time those bene- 
ficent, secret and philanthropic orders, which have been univer- 
sally recognized as ministering to man's needs and to his social in- 
stinct, have nowhere had earlier establishment or continuing growth 
in greater variety, than here. The following beneficial, social, mili- 
tary and other orders are established in their halls and hold stated 
meetings in Lancaster : Free Masons, two lodges, Royal Arch 
Chapter, Council, Commandery and Lodge of Perfection ; Odd 
Fellows, four lodges and two Encampments ; Knights of Pythias, 
three lodges and two divisions of Uniform Rank; Red Men, four 
tribes; United American Mechanics, council, degree council and 
two councils of the Junior Order ; Brotherhood of the Union, two 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 31 

circles and one home communion ; Grand Army of the Republic, 
two posts; Catholic Beneficial Associations, five societies and one 
of the Knights of St. John; Knights of Honor; Knights of the 
Revolution; Royal Arcanum; Heptasophs ; B'nai B'rith; Sons 
and Daughters of America ; Philozatheans ; Hebrew Benevolent 
Society; Artisans' Order of Mutual Protection; Patriotic Order 
Sons of America; Sons of Veterans; Good Templars ; Knights of 
the Golden Eagle ; besides college fraternities, the funeral benefit 
associations, a typographical association and some representatives 
of the Knights of Labor. 

The membership of beneficial orders is very numerous ; their 
financial condition is good. A number of them have elegant 
buildings of their own. Nearly all occupy well-furnished halls 
with fine equipment ; and their rank in the respective orders at 
large is of the highest. The history of the Masonic fraternity is al- 
most contemporaneous with the history of the city; its membership 
has included the most brilliant lights of the community; the Odd 
Fellows and other beneficial, social, religious and literary organiza- 
tions of the county have always had most reputable representation 
in Lancaster. 

AGENCIES OF CHARITY. 

The defective, dependent and delinquent classes have a smaller 
ratio in the population of Lancaster than in any town of corre- 
sponding size in the country. The average of thrift, of intelligence, 
of industrial activity and social elevation is so high; the distribution 
of property so general ; the absence of any criminal or squalid 
quarter in the city so notable; and so conspicuous is the fact that 
places of comfortable and even elegant residence are confined to no 
particular section of the city, but are found everywhere within its 
limits — that there is little occasion for the organized relief of 
poverty, suppression of vice or correction of crime. The various 
churches, working within and without their parochial limits, and the 
volunteer efforts of good women and men ; the establishment of the 
soup house at police headquarters, open all the winter months; and 
the Dorcas Society, whose members constantly go about doing good, 
supplement the comprehensive accommodations of the Almshouse 
and Hospital at the gates of the city. The Children's Home, a 
notably successful charity, founded by private munificence, is well 
housed and is liberally supported by county funds; it is managed 
with great economy and conscientious care by devoted women who 



32 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

continue the unselfish direction of its founders. St. Joseph's Hos- 
pital, owned by and in charge of a Catholic Sisterhood, composed 
of noble women, who give their labor and their lives to healing the 
sick and comforting the dying, opens its doors to all who need 
their ministration, regardless of creed, color or condition. 

The city has a trust fund of $12,800, bequeathed by the late 
ex-President Buchanan, Patrick McEvoy and Gen. James L. Rey- 
nolds, the interest of which is annually spent for fuel, to be dis- 
tributed among the deserving poor, by a committee of City 
Councils. 

CEMETERIES AND CREMATORIUM. 

In the olden time each of the churches of earlier erection had 
adjoining it a "God's Acre," where the dead were decently laid 
to rest ; and in the more central parts of the city the Lutheran, 
Episcopal, Presbyterian ai.d Moravian burying-grounds yet remain 
undisturbed, though few are admitted now to burial within their 
precincts. They are possessed of melancholy interest to the present 
citizenship, and in the names "carved on the tomb" is lettered 
much of the history of the city. But more than a generation ago, 
the growing needs of Lancaster for more commodious places of in- 
terment, led to the construction of two extensive cemeteries in dif- 
ferent parts of the city. In the one of these, lying in the north- 
eastern section of the city, repose the remains of thousands of Lan- 
caster's dead, and many noble monuments of family affection and 
of the sculptor's art adorn it. Here to the stranger is pointed out 
the shaft that rises above the grave of General John F. Reynolds; 
and, in a large central lot marked with head-stones, by a flag-staff and 
cannon, are gathered the bodies of, and fit and free resting-place is 
provided for all indigent soldiers who may die in Lancaster. Wood- 
ward Hill is another wide tract of thickly-occupied burying ground, 
situated on a slope that reaches down to the Conestoga, and from 
many points of which are to be seen most lovely views of that wind- 
ing stream and the flower decked hills among which it meanders; 
here rest the remains of James Buchanan, fifteenth President of the 
United States, long-time resident of Lancaster, whose home, the 
"Wheatland" of political history, is an object of interest to the 
tourist. The dust of that other most distinguished political figure 
of Lancaster County, Thaddeus Stevens, reposes beneath a mauso- 
leum of grey granite in Shreiner's Cemetery, a graveyard in the 








ST. MARYS CATHOLIC CHURCH. INTERIOR. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 33 

more central part of the city. St. Mary's, St. Anthony's and St. 
Joseph's Catholic Churches each have their consecrated ground for 
burial of their dead; also Zion'^s Lutheran and the A. M. E. 
Church. But, in the near future, provision will be made for laying 
out, on a far more extensive scale than any yet projected, a new 
cemetery, not too far from the ^ity limits for public convenience, 
and yet beyond the encroachments of the built-up portions of the 
town for generations to come. 

The phase of funeral reform which is represented by the advo- 
cates of Cremation, as a proper means of disposing of the human 
dead, found early advocacy in Lancaster. One of the first organi- 
zations of its kind in the country was "The Lancaster Cremation 
and Funeral Reform As.sociation." In its membership are in- 
cluded clergy, lawyers and physicians, educators, scientists and 
leading business men. Three years ago it erected, adjoining 
Woodward Hill Cemetery, a substantially built and most pictu- 
resquely located Crematorium, with two incinerating furnaces and 
retorts. It was the first of its kind in the United States opened 
and continued in operation for general public u.ses ; and so suc- 
cessful have been its methods that not only have bodies been brought 
hither from far and near for incineration, but its plans and pro- 
cesses have also served as models for and promoted the success of the 
movement wherever since undertaken. Up to February 15, 1887, 
there had been cremated at the Lancaster Crematorium 57 
bodies, and the system yearly increases in popularity ; its health- 
fulness, economy and cleanliness commend it to favor. The 
fees are $25 for an incineration. For the extirpation of the germs 
of pestilence high scientific authority recommends the Crematorium 
to municipalities. The literary organ of the movement in this 
country, T/ie Modern Crematist, is also published in this city. 



34 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



CHAPTER lY. 



COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL. 

The Enterprise of Local Merchants — Success of the Wholesale 
Trade — Nearly Four Millions of Retail Business — The Solid Banks 
of Lancaster— Building Associations — Hotels and Boarding-Houses 
— Culture of Leaf Tobacco— The Warehouse Trade and Cigar-Mak- 
ing Industry — Operations in Live Stock — Fattening and Shipping 
Cattle and Horses. 

FOR the supply of a great commercial centre to the business 
wants of a community of 150,000 population, Lancaster 
necessarily exhibits a wide variety of enterprise and activity. 
It is not intended, nor is it essential, to here* set forth in detail each 
and every one of the many forms in which this spirit of trade man- 
ifests itself. A lately issued comprehensive and accurate directory of 
Lancaster presents 271 distinct varieties of professional, commercial, 
and manufacturing activity in which men and women engage, and 
a total of 2,001 persons occupied with the direction of them, not in- 
cluding the many thousands more ot artisans, mechanics, appren- 
tices and employes of various grades engaged as wage-earners in 
this complex life of a ])rosperous mercantile and manufacturing 
community. 

For many years T^ancaster occupied the distinction of being the 
first inland city of the country. The wide settlement of other 
States, the new cities of the far West springing up in the track ot 
railroad enterprise, and the development of great mineral resources 
adjacent to other cities of Pennsylvania have reduced its relative 
rank. But it could not be otherwise than that the centre of a pros- 
perous community, engaged in agricultural pursuits, yielding annu- 
ally tens of millions of created wealth, should be a city of large 
commercial transactions ; first, in merchandising, banking and 
trade ; and secondly, in manufactures, varied and extensive. A 
glance at some of the chief features of these will point the present 
moral and adorn this tale of Lancaster's resources. 



*See Chapter VI., Board of Trade Membership, and Part II., Representative 
Bvisiness Interests. ♦ 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 35 

MERCANTILE ENTERPRISE. 

Although it is within a few hours ride, constant and easy com- 
munication, and ready access to three great sea-board cities, centres 
of wholesale and retail trade and of fashion, the enterprise of Lan- 
caster's merchants, the patronage of the immediate community, and 
the heavy trade here constantly carried on with the surrounding 
country have built up a mercantile business of great magnitude, 
aggressiveness and liberal direction. The proportion of business 
failures to the general stability of the commercial community is 
very small. While panics elsewhere have mowed down the ranks 
of merchants and shaken popular confidence, the failures in this 
city have been remarkably few in proportion to the number engaged 
and to the volume of business transacted. A number of the exist- 
ing establishments laid their foundations a century ago, and are 
continued with steadily increasing prosperity in the names and 
families of their founders. In some as one generation succeeds to 
another each epoch marks an advance and extension in trade. In 
the general character of the business done, in the variety and 
amount of stock displayed, tasteful selections and all other tokens 
of business enterprise, the past twenty years have seen a new life in 
Lancaster. Eight or nine s([uares of the main thoroughfares of the 
city leading out from Centre Stiuare are occupied solidly with busi- 
ness buildings, and nearly all of these have been built or rebuilt 
since the war. The past ten years have been notable for the erec- 
tion of new stores, banks, offices, and other improvements. Within 
two decades every business house in the central part of the city that 
is not entirely new has been remodelled, beautified, and nearly 
all of them enlarged. Wide fronts of plate glass, magnificent dis- 
play windows, and many store-rooms extending the full depth of 
the city lots, 245 feet, characterize the business establishments of 
Lancaster. No interior city in the State shows such display of ad- 
vanced mercantile enterprise or caters more successfully to all the 
requirements of the home trade. 

THE WHOLESALE TRADE. 

Of course the great bulk of the merchandising done here is retail ; 
but within a comparatively brief period highly successful ventures 
in wholesaling have been made, and the result has amply justified 
the belief that for a wide extent of country, and a trade extending 
very generally, Lancaster may be made the centre of a great whole- 



36 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

sale and jobbing business. Especially has this been true — in addi- 
tion to the sale of products manufactured here — of groceries, 
notions, boots and shoes, drugs, watches and other jewelry sup- 
plies, cigars, &c. Single establishments of this kind founded 
within a comparatively brief period have grown to a trade of ;^2oo,- 
ooo annually ; the three wholesale groceries, two wholesale notion 
stores, wholesale drug store and wholesale boot and shoe store, 
exclusive of the manufactures and the business firms combining 
wholesale with retail business, now aggregate a trade of about 
;g6oo,ooo, and represent an investment of $200,000. The business 
of Bowman & Musser, engaged in the sale at wholesale only of 
watches, chains, jewelers' tools and materials, was established only 
a few years ago as an experiment in locating in Lancaster a branch 
of trade heretofore considered practicable only in the larger cities. 
Its success has particularly illustrated the feasibility of wholesaling 
at this point. A trade aggregating $130,000 per annum, and reach- 
ing to every part of the country, East, West and South, has been 
built up. 

THE RETAIL TRADE. 

The retail trade of the city comprehends every variety of store ; 
year after year business has been more sub-divided and classified 
with the increasing volume of trade and the widening circle of 
patronage. Upon the last exhibit of the mercantile appraiser it 
appeared that there were in Lancaster seventeen retail liquor stores; 
four fruit-dealers; seventeen variety; fifteen boot and shoe; two 
junk-dealers ; eight book stores ; one carpet store ; five sewing ma- 
chine agencies; two cutlery stores; twelve confectioneries; nine 
clothiers; six saddlery stores; three meat and provision stores; 
sixteen dry -goods houses; thirteen dealers in coal and lumber; 
twenty-three drug stores; three exclusive dealers in paints and oils 
and one in soap ; seven furniture ; eight flour and feed ; three seeds ; 
four tea and coffee ; forty tobacco and cigars; eight hardware and 
housefurnishing ; ten dealers in fish and oysters* and seven other 
produce dealers; ten jewelry; three leather ; two gentlemen's fur- 
nishing goods; five hats and caps; one queensware ; five music; 
twelve notions ; one hundred and twenty-seven groceries. 

While it is true that the more considerable of these are grouped 
near the centres of trade, business is well distributed over the city; 

^Lancaster has long been noted for the excellence of its oyster supply. In 
quantity, ciuality and cheapness no town in the country outdoes the Lancaster 
oyster market. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 37 

and as rapidly as the requirements of a new development in any 
section that is building up calls for them, grocery and other stores 
are promptly located. It is calculated that between i,ioo and 
1,200 of the wage-earners and persons engaged in exchange in the 
city find occupation in the retail trade. So far as it can be clearly 
classed apart from manufacturing pursuits, the yearly sales amount 
to 53,840,000, and the capital invested from $1,500,000 to $1,600,- 
000. 

THE BANKS OF LANCASTER. 

Few interests of Lancaster have been so stable, and like concerns 
of no city in the Commonwealth can pomt to such unabated and 
uniform prosperity as the banking institutions of Lancaster during 
the present generation. An occasional loss or failure has made a 
ripple in commercial and financial circles, but the career of the 
banks has, upon the whole, been of unabated prosperity ; and they 
have conduced largely to the safety and stability — albeit perhaps 
too much to the conservatism — of all business enterprise. Managed 
with rare fidelity and sagacity, no spirit of speculation has shaken 
them and no defalcation has gutted their vaults. Besides the five 
National Banks already established here, another, the People's, has 
just been organized, with $200,000 capital, under direction of 
unquestioned business standing and popular confidence. The con- 
dition of the National Banks already here is best exhibited by their 
last sworn official returns to the Treasury Department.* 

Besides the National Banks of Lancaster there are two private 
banking institutions — Reed, McGrann & Co., and D. P. Locher, 
of high repute, long establishment and successful operation. Their 
transactions would largely swell the above totals ; not to speak of 
twenty other National Banks and several private institutions dis- 
tributed among the smaller towns of the county, whose transactions 
aggregate about $2,000,000 of capital ; $500,000 surplus ; $2,500,- 
000 of deposits; $3,500,000 of loans and discounts and total 
resources of over $5,000,000. For this enormous volume of busi- 
ness, footing up $10,000,000 of resources, Lancaster is the financial 
centre. 

BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS. 

Lancaster has a number of successful and well-conducted build- 
ing associations. All of them are in good condition financially. 
Surplus money is disposed of at fair premiums j the various series 



*See Appendix : National Bank Statements. 



38 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

mature in good time, and investors receive a profitable return.' 
These building associations have been of great utility in affording 
saving institutions to small depositors and in aiding workingmen to 
secure homes of their own. Business men, those who follow pro- 
fessional pursuits, mechanics, and laborers in every calling have 
alike been included in these associations. The oldest of them is 
the American Mechanics', instituted December 17, 1869 ; the Union 
dates from June 23, i§75, and the People's but one day later; the 
Franklin was incorporated March 13, 1879; ^"^ the West End, 
March 16, 1886. 

In the American Mechanics' the present number of shares is 
1,453; ^^^^^ value when matured, $200 each. Assets on December 
31, 1886, $86,564.16. Profits for year ending December 31, 1886, 
were equal to 10 per cent., nearly, on the capital. A new series of 
stock is issued annually, that now issuing being the nineteenth an- 
nual series, and as a rule one series matures every year, and is paid 
off. The dues are $1 per share monthly until maturity, which now 
requires about ten years, although stockholders can withdraw at any 
time on giving thirty days notice. 

The Union has had twenty-three series and a total of 1,541 
shares ; the value of the shares of the first series when matured was 
1^203.29 each; the second paid $200.07: and the third series is 
now near maturity; these comprised in all 140 shares, leaving 1,401 
shares in the remaining series, averaging from $6.11 to $182.47 ""* 
value. The total assets of the Union are $90,144.18. 

In the People's, chartered for fifty years on the serial plan, the 
amount of capital stock is $500,000, divided into 1,250 shares, of 
the par value of $400. It has i.ssued twenty-four semi-annual 
series; the first, second and third series are matured, and have been 
paid off and cancelled. It has paid about 8 per cent, profit during 
its existence. It pays out yearly from $30,000 to $40,000, with 
present assets of $80,284.28; value of stock, $78,666.25. It 
started with seventeen shares, a cash capital of $34, and an indebt- 
ness of over $200. The present number of shares is 927; next 
July will complete the twelfth year of its existence. It is now in a 
very flourishing condition, and one of the permanent institutions 
of the city. 

The Franklin Association has made no effort of late to extend 
its business, and its management proposes at an early day to wind 
up its affairs. 



OF THE cnv OK LANCASTER, PA. 39 

The West End, recently organized, to meet the wants of the 
western part of the city, where the development has been marvel- 
lous and hundreds of new buildings have been erected within a 
few years, is in a flourishing condition, and has all its money loaned 
to stockholders. Two series of stock have been issued. Number 
of shares: First series, 445 ; second series, 55 ; total value of first 
series, $4,450; second series, $220. 

HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES. 

The necessary provision for the wants of the numerous traveling 
public, as well as the prevailing popular spirit of hospitality, and 
the cheap and ample market supplies near at hand, have contributed 
during all its history to the establishment and support in Lancaster 
of numerous, capacious and well-kept hotels. When the borough 
fathers addressed the Federal Congress in 1789, on behalf of the 
location here of the Capital of the United States, they set forth 
the circumstance that besides seven churches, 678 residences, three 
breweries and two printing presses, there were forty hoases of public 
entertainment. Sherman Day in his Historical Collections of the 
State of Pennsylvania (1843) observed that in Lancaster "a 
stranger is particularly struck with numerous tavern-signs that greet 
him by dozens along the principal streets. They form a sort of 
out-door picture gallery, and some are no mean specimens of art. 
Here may be seen half the kings of Europe — the King of Prussia, 
of Sweden, and the Prince of Orange; and then there are of 
warriors — Washington, Lafayette, Napoleon, Wm. Tell, and a 
whole army of others ; and of statesmen there are Jefferson, Frank- 
lin and others; then comes the Red Lion of England, leading 
long processions of lions, bears, stags, bulls, horses, eagles, black, 
white, dun and red — not to mention the inanimate emblems, the 
Globe, the Cross Keys, the Plough, the Wheat Sheaf, the Compass 
and Square, and the Hickory Tree. The numerous inns, far too 
many for the present wants of the city, tell of bygone days, before 
the railroad and canals were constructed, when the streets and 
yards were crowded every evening with long trains of ' Conestoga 
wagons,' passing over the turnpike, by which nearly all the interior 
of the State was supplied with merchandise." 

The places of public entertainment in Lancaster have grown in 
number with the growth of the city. Of the present victuallers 
sixty-one are hotels licensed by the court; and thirty-si.x others 



40 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

have eating-house privileges, together with twenty-two boarding- 
houses. The most imposing of these hostelries is the Stevens 
House, a building that in size and arrangement is surpassed by few 
outside of the large cities. It is located within three squares of the 
Pennsylvania railroad passenger station ; the office and the waiting- 
rooms, express and telegraph, of the Reading, Columbia and Quar- 
ryville line occupy a portion of the building. The street railway 
passes it, and a cab station is at its door. Its accommodations are 
ample and its rates low. The Hiester House and the City Hotel, 
both of which have been recently refitted, are adjacent to the Penn- 
sylvania railroad station. Within the building and adjoining it are 
numerous restaurants and eating houses ; near by John Keller has 
lately erected a capacious hotel and tobacco exchange, soon to be 
opened; the historic Grape (Michael's), Red Lion (Cooper's), and 
Copland's European Hotel have a large portion of the transient 
trade ; while other hotels, centrally located, such as the Keystone, 
Leopard, Franklin, Exchange and Fountain Inn, provide for the 
wants of the traveling public. Well-kept boarding-houses are dis- 
tributed over the city ; the most fastidious can secure elegance and 
comfort at unusually favorable prices; and for mechanics, working- 
men and artisans, clerks, agents and other wage-earners Lancaster 
offers inducements to be found nowhere in the country at any cen- 
tre of population or business. In respectable public or private 
houses good board can be had at from ^2.50 to $3.75 per week. 
Special arrangements for families, for rent of rooms without board, 
or board without rooms, can always be effected at prices far below 
the prevailing rates elsewhere, and which afford the highest induce- 
ments to the best class of operatives to remove hither and to stay. 

THE TOBACCO INTEREST. 

For twenty years past Lancaster County has been notable through- 
out the world for its successful cultivation of leaf tobacco adapted 
to the manufacture of cigars. New counties and communities are 
learning the secret of successful cultivation of this profitable pro- 
duct, but Lancaster County has never lost its pre-eminence. Its 
soil gains rather than loses in fertility ; and, if the farmer is satisfied 
with less return than the former almost fabulous profits of twice the 
value of his land from a single year's crop, the interest continues to 
be such a vast and important one as to exercise most marked influ- 
ence upon the business life of Lancaster City, which is the great 




- .:^.^».^£k^?v.y-;>;aq| 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



41 



central receiving depot for the leaf-tobacco trade and the seat of 
manifold cigar-factories. A careful estimate of the tobacco act- 
ually grown in Lancaster County for the past quarter of a century 
gives the following figures : 



i860,. 
1861,. 
1862,. 
1863,. 
1864,. 
1865,. 
1866,. 
1867,. 
1868,. 
1869,. 
1870,. 
1871,. 
1872,. 
1873.- 



15,000 

20,000 

23,000 

30,000 

20,000 

1 2,000 

7,000 

2,500 

5.500 

9,000 

16,580 

31.230 

34,010 

25,000 



6,000,000 

8,000,000 

9,200,000 

12,000,000 

8,000,000 

4,800,000 

2,800,000 

1,000,000 

2,200,000 

3,600,000 

6,632,000 

12,492,000 

13,604,000 

10,000,000 



1874,. 
187^,. 
1876,. 
:i877,- 

1878,. 

1879,. 
1880,. 
1881,. 
1882,. 
1883,. 
1884,. 
1885,. 
1886,. 



000 ; 

000 j 

000 

000 I 

000 

000 

000 

000 

000 

000 

000 

500 I 

500 



12,000,000 
16,000,000 
14,000,000 
14,800,000 
15,200,000 

1 8,coo,ooo 
i6,coo,coo 
14,000,000 
14,000,000 
13,200,000 
12,400,000 
15,400,000 
16,575,000 



Total Years, 27; Total Cases, 732,820; Total Pounds, 291,903,000. 

Assuming the average price realized by the tobacco-growers to 
have been only nine cents per pound, which is entirely within 
bounds, if not altogether too low, there has been the enormous 
sum of $26,271,270 brought into this county through this single 
crop since i860. All, or nearly all, the above tobacco was packed 
in this city and county. But this by no means represents the vol- 
ume of the tobacco trade of this community. The larger part of 
the crops of York and Chester counties, and a portion of those of 
Berks, Lebanon, Clinton, and other counties is brought here and 
packed, as well as a very considerable amount from the State of 
Wisconsin. Moreover, as much of the above tobacco was packed 
by buyers in other markets, it is impossible to tell how much was 
sold here at wholesale. But the figures given afford some idea of 
the volume and value of a crop, which, without impairing the local 
product of cereals, vegetables, fruits, &c., has caused the build- 
ing in Lancaster County of 187 warehouses, eighty of these being 
located in the city alone, with a storage capacity greater perhaps 
than that of any of the famous Southern tobacco marts, giving em- 
ployment in Lancaster in a busy packing season to as many as 
1,000 persons in the handling of the crop. The following sketch 
of this local interest from the United States census report (Tenth 
Census, Agricultural Statistics), presents no exaggeration : 



42 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

" There is no particular time for the purchasing season to begin. 
Buying is done altogether by sample. Farmers take advantage of 
favorable weather at any time after October to prepare their goods 
for market. Buyers begin their operations generally in November, 
but often not until December. They congregate in Lancaster, 
thirty and forty at one time, and come from all parts of the coun- 
try ; from Baltimore, St. Louis, Philadelphia; and San Francisco, 
but principally from New York. There is beside a large number 
of local buyers and packers, and during the season these men visit 
every out-of-the-way nook and corner and search out every lot of 
tobacco in the county. Many packing houses send their agents to 
spy out the ground while the tobacco is still in the fields and mark 
choice lots. If the price is agreed upon, a contract in duplicate is 
drawn up, the buyer retaining a copy and the grower receiving the 
other. At the time specified, or if none is specified, when the 
grower is ready to deliver the crop, it is taken to the packing house 
of the purchaser, done up in bales of varying sizes, generally loo 
pounds weight, and it is then weighed and paid for on the spot. 

" Occasionally, however, the packers do not wait until the crop 
is stripped before they begin purchasing. If the crop is a very de- 
sirable one, they begin operations before the farmers are ready to 
sell, or before their tobacco is ready for the market. This was 
notably the case in 1879, when the season opened before the growers 
had commenced to strip, and while the tobacco still hung in the 
barns. It was examined while still on the poles, and much of it 
was bought in that condition. This method does not always result 
satisfactorily. Some times the buyer is deceived by the crop as it 
hangs in the barn, and offers more for it than it afterwards proves 
to be worth, in which case there is likely to be dissatisfaction and 
dispute. The planters, as a rule, profess to sell their crops after 
they are stripped and fully ready for the market. 

" There are upward of fifty firms engaged in packing stationed 
at Lancaster, or with agents there to represent them. The cost of 
buying, receiving, assorting, casing and storing tobacco, including 
the cases themselves, may be put down at from i^ to 2 cents per 
pound. 

"The shooks for the cases come from the pine regions of Michi- 
gan, although many are made in the lumber regions of Pennsyl- 
vania. The cost of cases is about ^1.05 each at the present time 
(1880); the size is 2 feet 6 inches wide and 3 feet long, and will 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 43 

easily hold 400 pounds of tobacco. Generally only about 375 
pounds of fine wrappers are packed in a case, close packing being 
considered objectionable to that part of the crop, while rather more 
than 400 pounds are packed into a case of the other grades. Some 
packers however, put exactly 400 pounds. The loss on tobacco 
incurred by the sweating process after it is cured is from 9 to 15 
per cent. 

" Sometimes the tobacco is sold at the marked weight, that is, at 
the weight of the tobacco at the time it was cased, at which time 
the weight of case and tobacco is plainly marked on the box ; 
and sometimes by reweight, that is, with the loss from the re-sweat- 
ing deducted. The cost of sampling, including labor for handling, 
opening and shutting of cases is 50 cents per case. The average 
wages of hands engaged during the winter season to receive, handle, 
assort and pack the tobacco is $9.00 per week; the foreman gets 
about $12.00. The only tax packers are required to pay is the 
government tax of $25 — as dealers, irrespective of the quantity 
bought and sold. 

" The warehouses and packing establishments are brick structures 
from 75 to 150 feet long and of corresponding width, from two to 
three stories high, and their capacity runs from 500 to 5,000 cases. 
On one short street in the eastern part of the City of Lancaster 
there are six of these structures standing side by side. This street 
is appropriately named Tobacco Avenue. Often the adjoining 
streets for several blocks are crowded with double rows of vehicles 
of all descriptions, from the wagon with a single horse to the 
' Conestoga wagon ' with its six magnificent horses. Teams that 
have twenty or more miles to come leave their homes on the previ- 
ous evening, and as early as one o'clock the train of wagons begin 
to pour in, each driver being anxious to be the first comer, in order 
to secure a favorable place, and consequently, an early discharge of 
his load. During the receiving season from ten to eighty hands 
are constantly employed in each warehouse, and sometimes a night 
gang is taken on in addition. As many as 1,000,000 pounds have 
been received by the packing houses in Lancaster in a single day, 
while as much as $175,000 has been paid to the growers in the same 
time by the packers. A single firm has purchased $400,000 worth 
of tobacco in a season, while many buy to the value of $100,000 
each." 



44 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

The amount of addition to the permanent wealth and active 
business of the city and county wliich is to be credited to tobacco 
culture is almost incalculable. Millions have been expended in 
barns and sheds built especially for curing, and as much more in 
the erection of the capacious warehouses for handling and storage ; 
no difference what the future of this great staple industry, in town 
and country, were to be, the structures which it has caused to be 
erected will have their benefits and uses. Should it prove, as has 
been predicted, that the storage provided will be in excess of the 
demand, the city warehouses have been built in a substantial manner 
that renders them readily convertible into factories and workshops ; 
they are nearly all convenient to railroad sidings ; they have 
every facility for handling, hoisting, receiving and shipping ; and 
can be easily supplied with power and fitted with machinery for 
manufacturing uses. In a recent instance the rapidly increased 
demands of a local manufactory for more room were promptly met 
by the ready fitting up of adjoining tobacco-warehouses for the 
required purposes. 

THE CIGAR-MAKING INDUSTRY. 

Closely kindred with the interest of tobacco culture and dealing 
in the staple is that of cigar-making, for which the raw material is 
thus supplied at hand. Yielding a quality of leaf from which can 
be manufactured a most acceptable cigar, the extensive culture of 
Lancaster County tobacco has been followed by the establishment 
of cigar-factories in every section of this district ; many thriving 
villages have been given great impetus to growth and prosperity by 
this industry, employing hundreds of hands and turning out mil- 
lions of product annually. The Ninth Internal Revenue District of 
Pennsylvania ever since the organization of the system, and amid 
all consolidations, has had its central office retained in Lancaster; 
and, as the preponderance of business will always have its centre 
here, no change in this apportionment is at all likely to occur while 
the system lasts. Within the district, whose main office is in Lan- 
caster, are included also the counties of York, Lebanon, Adams, 
Dauphin, Cumberland, Perry, Juniata, and Mifilin. The collec- 
tions are very largely from the tax on leaf tobacco and manufac- 
tured cigars; not less than $1,100,000 is paid yearly by the cigar 
manufacturers of the district alone on their product ; and the 
magnitude and rapid increase of the business are attested by these 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 45 

figures of the Ninth revenue district collections for the years ending 
June 30, 1883, 1884, 1885, and 1886: 

^^^2-83, $1,340,739.84 

1883-84, 1,251,891.25 

1884-85, 1,333,646.26 

1885-86, 1,448,629.94 

And for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1887, it is estimated this 
revenue tax will approximate the enormous sum of $1,650,000. 

Neither is this industry consolidated in one place nor confined to 
a tew large factories; but its general diffusion is one of the best fea- 
tures of the trade. The following figures show how wide is the ex- 
tent of the industry and the number of factories and amount of 
product in Lancaster City alone : 

Number of cigar factories in the Ninth District, Pennsylvania 1,800 

" " " " Lancaster County 750 

" " " " Lancaster City 126 

Number of cigars made annually in the district 3,556,143,810 

" " " " " Lancaster County 1,841,302,140 

" " " '■ " Lancaster City 24,548,725 

Several of the Lancaster factories are each the centre of a num- 
ber of smaller factories scattered over the county., and the mediums 
for the sale of their products. The superior advantages of Lancas- 
ter City itself as a centre for manufacturing are becoming so mani- 
fest, however, that a disposition to concentrate here is exhibited. 
Recently the firm of Oblinger Brothers & Co., dealers in leaf 
tobacco, of Philadelphia, who have had one cigar-factory in this 
city and two in the county, rented a portion of Keller's new hotel 
building near the Pennsylvania Railroad Station, where they will 
concentrate their factories and employ between 250 and 300 
persons. 

The cigar-making industry of Lancaster City alone, represented 
by 126 factories, has an investment of $150,000 capital; with an 
annual consumption of $109,200 raw material, consisting of native 
and foreign tobaccos and boxes, besides $75,000 paid for revenue 
stamps ; the product amounts to $325,000, and is sold all over the 
United States and Canada; it gives employment to 360 hands, 
men, boys and girls, among whom are disbursed in wages annually 
$108,000. 

The utility of this industry and its influence upon and relation to 
the general manufacturing prosperity of the city lie in the fact that 
it consumes largely of raw material produced in the immediate 



46 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

neighborhood ; it gives light and profitable employment to female 
as well as male labor, to youth and adult. The investment of cap- 
ital required is not more than from 30 to 50 per cent, of the gross 
product ; and the ratio of wages to raw material and manufactured 
product is high. Factories doing a business of $90,000 report 
$25,000 paid out in wages ; of $45,000 received for goods manu- 
factured in another concern $17,000 was distributed throughout 
the city in wages. The output of these factories is very largely 
wholesaled abroad from Lancaster ; and xVorth, South, East and 
West the sale of Lancaster cigars is very extensive. Labor in this 
department of manufacturing activity, as in most other branches 
here, is expert, thrifty and contented ; no scarcity of it exists. 

One of the oldest snuff-factories in the United States is located 
in Lancaster. Although the use of this article is far less common 
than formerly, such are the fame and continuing reputation of De- 
muth's snuff that it is sold in increasing quantities over the entire 
country. The secret of compounding it has been handed down from 
father to son through four generations. 

Associated with the leaf tobacco and cigar interest is the exten- 
sive sale in this city of " shooks " for making the packing boxes 
or cases in which the goods bought from the raiser are packed for 
storage or shipment ; and the very extensive manufacture of boxes 
for packing cigars. The regulations of the revenue system pro- 
hibit the using of cigar boxes more than once, and consequently 
there is a steady demand for this product. There are six cigar box 
makers in the city, some of them combining other branches of 
hard wood manufacturing. Their supplies of raw material are 
received largely from the Southern and Western States ; and their 
products sold widely, not only in the tobacco-growing and cigar- 
making villages of this county and the counties of Pennsylvania, 
but throughout the country. The larger portion of the cigars are 
packed in boxes holding fifty, and besides the gross product of not 
less than $38,200 in the industry of cigar boxes, the printing of 
labels and other branches of labor dependent on cigar-making give 
employment to much manufacturing activity. The shooks for the 
tobacco cases are shipped here in vast quantities from the lumber 
regions of Pennsylvania and the Northwest. They are handled 
here largel) for the county as well as the city packing demand ; and 
the trade is an important one. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



47 



THE TRADE IN LIVE STOCK. 

Another of the extensive and varied commercial interests of Lan- 
caster is its trade in Hve stock. One of the chief elements of pros- 
perity to the Lancaster County farmer has been his consistent adher- 
ence to the liberal use of barnyard manure for fertilizing and 
replenishing his land. To afford an ample cjuantity of such enrich- 
ment of the soil, as well as for the supply of the beef markets of 
Philadelphia and New York — either within a few hours reach — the 
fattening of cattle has been time out of mind one of the staple in- 
terests of Lancaster County's agriculture. The extensive culture of 
tobacco, the effect of which has been to enhance the productive- 
ness of the soil and not to impair it, has greatly stimulated cattle 
feeding. The cjuality of the Lancaster County beef, stabled with such 
care, closely attended and shipped with none of the horrible torture 
attending the transportation of live stock for long distances, has 
always commanded for it the highest favor in the metropolitan mar- 
kets. Notably heavy steers fattened here were the Sener steer of 
i860, which weighed 3,380 pounds, and dressed 2,4531^ ; the Mt. 
Joy steer of 1863, 3,380 live weight, and 2,368 dressed; and the 
Wenger steer of 1864, weighing 3,360 pounds, and dressing 2,530. 
In addition to the fattening of cattle, horses have been of late 
years very largely shipped to this point ; and, after some months of 
feeding many are re-shipped to the city markets. From Canada, West 
Virginia, and some of the distant counties of Pennsylvania thou- 
sands of head are brought hither ; they are taken to grass and stall 
by the farmers, fattened and sold extensively for dray and other ser- 
vice in the larger cities. The Pennsylvania railroad stockyards of 
Lancaster are conveniently situated along the railway, and the fol- 
lowing figures, furnished by the managers of James Stewart's stock 
yards for three years, will indicate the extent of this industry, 
whose exchanges take place in Lancaster, and largely effect the 
banking and other commercial concerns of the city : 



1884. 



Cattle, .. 
Horses,. 
Mules, .. 
Hogs,.., 
Sheep, .. 
Calves,.. 



in 

OS 


U3 

H 
Z 

W 

S 

S 


42,941 


15.042 


2,699 


3.070 


529 
8,481 


45 
645' 


6,013 


3.343 


333 


705 



1885. 



Cattfe, .. 
Horses, 
Mules, . 
Hogs, .. 
Sheep, . 
Calves,. 



1886. 



28,528 

',979 

79 

7,110 

6,305 
>,99i 



iiTT"; — 

10,135 Cattle, 33.572 11,572 

3,576 Horses,.... 2,836 4,860 

19 Mules 39 57 

265 Hogs, I 6,197 697 

6,013 Sheep 8,420 2,929 

330! j Calves 793 j 361 



48 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

The cattle received at this point weigh on a low average 850 
pounds and when shipped about 1,700. A fair estimate, based on 
the average market value of various kinds of stock brought hither 
and shipped hence, foots up the annual transactions in live stock at 
the Lancaster drove yards at not less than $2,650,000. 

The trade in fine and higher grades of stock, especially in good 
driving horses, is also very considerable. Numerous stock and ex- 
change stables afford facilities to buyers and sellers, and many 
noted horsemen make Lancaster their headquarters for selecting, 
training, raising or matching the finest carriage horses, trotters, 
teams, &c. Many of the Philadelphia horse fanciers depend largely 
upon the judgment of Lancaster dealers, and all the interests of the 
turf find patronage and active support here. 

In the city and vicinage there is constantly increasing taste for 
improved strains of cattle and other stock. This is stimulated by 
the annual fall agricultural fair, which is coming to be one of the 
most successful exhibits of its kind in this part of the country ; 
farmers, tradesmen, and manufacturers manifesting like zeal in its 
success. For the exhibition of stock, machinery and all kinds of 
wares no better opportunity is afforded than at the yearly show of 
this first agricultural county of the United States. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 49 



CHAPTER V. 



MANY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. 

Lancaster Ahead in Variety of Small Manufactures — The Cotton Fac- 
tories of the City — Furnace, Rolling Mill, Boiler Works, Machine 
Shops and Other Iron Works, Watches, Corks and Combs, Carriages 
and Boxes, Files and Edge Tools, Rifles and Locks, Quilts and 
Horse Collars, Umbrellas and Incubators, Soap and Shoes. Knit 
Goods and Carpets — Plumbers and Printers, Brick-Makers and 
Builders, Butchers and Bakers. 

LANCASTER'S manufactories show a greater variety than those 
' of any city in Pennsylvania, except Philadelphia and Pitts- 
burg. Though not generally known as the seat of manufac- 
tures, its rank in 1880 in value of manufactured product was higher 
than in population, among the 100 leading cities of the United 
States. It was exceeded in Pennsylvania only by Philadelphia, 
Pittsburg, Scranton, and Reading in the gross value of investment 
and product. 

In June, 1883, Mr. William 13. Wilson, then freight agent of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company in this city, compiled the follow- 
ing table of one year's freight, for and from manufactories alone, 
shipped to and from Lancaster, in order to illustrate the extent and 
variety of its industrial interests : 

Products Forwarded. 
Description. ll''figlU in Pounds. \ Description. If^eight in Pounds^ 

Axles (Iron Car) 1,700,000 Coil Door Springs 120,000 

Bolts, Axle Clips, &c 1,360,000 | Copper Kettles 12,000 

Bone (comb refuse) 39,ioo Cotton Goods 5,127,064 

Brick Machines, &c 572,500 Corks and Ground Cork... 1,700,000 

Carriage Hardware 140,000 Cinder (Mill) 9,500,000 

Boilers and Castings 800,000 Edge Tools 13,500 

Carriages (est*) 3,075,000 Elevators, &c 200,coo 

Carpets 39,ooo Fan Blowers, Forges, Tuy- 

Cigar Boxes 100,000 ers, Tire Benders and 

Combs (horn) 46,000 Drill Presses 860,000 



* In this and other lighter freights the actual weight is not given, but an estimate made 
on freiijht charges. 



50 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



Description. 

Files 

Grease (Tanners) 

Horn Tips 

Horn Waste 

Horse Collars 

Hair (Tanners)... 

Iron (bar) 24,000,000 

Locks 283,000 

Leather (Harness) 887,000 

Leather Scraps 18,000 

Machinery 1,316,800 

Paper (Wrapping) 750,000 



Products Forwarded 

Weight in Pounds 

24,000 

18,000 

86,890 

200,900 

120,000 

70,000 



-Contiiiuiui. 



Description. IVeight in 

Paper (Printing and Book). 2, 

Pig Iron 12, 

Quilts, &c 

Spikes 3- 

Steam Pumps 

Sash and Blinds 

Wagon and Carriage Bows, 
Rims, Shafts, Spokes. 
Felloes,Wheels and Hubs i. 
Yarns 



Pounds. 
000,000 
000,000 
222,800 
000,000 
31.500 
200,000 



920,000 
65,000 



Total 72,618,054 



Supplies Received. 



Description. Weight in Pounds. 

Boiler Iron 800,000 

Burlaps 6,000 

Bark 8,700,000 

Carriage Material 1,155,000 

Cigar Box Material 130,000 

Copper 1 5,000 

Copperas 70,000 

Cotton Mill Supplies 50,000 

Cork Wood 2,550,000 

Coal, Anthracite 36,918,000 

Coal, Bituminous 31,500,000 

Cotton 6,400,000 

Dye Stuffs 40,000 

Fire Brick, Wire, Oil, &c., 

not enumerated. Supplies 

for Iron and Machine 

Works 6,680,000 

Grind Stones 12,000 

Horns 344,000 

Hides 910,000 

Iron Ore 13,000,000 

Iron Nuts 84,000 

Iron Rods 403,200 

Iron, Mailable, and Steel... 778,000 

Since then, however, there has been a steady increase in these 
shipments. Within a period of seven years the freight and passen- 
ger business of the Reading system in this city has shown an in- 
crease of over 30 per cent. The regular annual increase of the 
Pennsylvania Company's freight business is about 15,000,000 
pounds; so that the above grand total of 244,861,014 pounds has 
most likely been swelled to over 300,000,000 pounds of freight 
shipment directly to and from local manufacturing interests ; and 
leaving out of the estimate merchandise, tobacco, cattle, coal for 
yards and all commercial, agricultural, and domestic supplies. 



Description. Weight in 

Iron, Pig, Scrap, old rails 

and plate 32, 

Indigo 

Jute Butts and Paper Mill 

Chemicals i 

Lumber 6, 

Leather, «S:c 

Leather, rough 

Lock Supplies 

Limestone 12 

Machinery 

Oils 

Rope 

Rags and Paper Stock 4 

Starch 

Steel ( cast ) 

Sand 2 

Tool Handles, Borax and 

Emery 

Wool 

Yarn 



Pounds. 

600,000 
22,000 

759,000 
410,000 
104,000 
30,000 
302,000 
,000,000 
100,000 

431,760 

20,000 
,800,000 
1 9 1 ,000 

24,000 
650,000 

2,000 

40,000 

212,000 



Total 1 72,242,960 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



51 



How much these would swell the above aggregate may be seen 
from an inquiry into the business transacted alone in coal at this 
point. At the eleven coal yards of the city are handled about 87,- 
000 tons per year, which, added to the quantity bought directly by 
the larger manufactories, makes an aggregate consumption of 140,- 
000 tons, or in pounds 280,000,000. 

THE RAILROAD BUSINESS INCREASING. 

Incidentally here is to be noted a remarkable evidence of the 
growth of the city and the promotion of its business prosperity in 
the rapid increase of passenger travel as well as of treight traffic on 
the railroads leading hither. In 1876, the Centennial year, the 
high water mark of passenger travel was reached, and 138,238 tick- 
ets were sold at the Lancaster Station of the Pennsylvania Railroad ; 
of these, 33,418 were excursion tickets, principally to the great ex- 
position in Philadelphia. But since then the record has been dis- 
tanced, as is shown by the following table of tickets sold here dur- 
ing the past ten years on the Pennsylvania Railroad : 



YEAR. 


NO. OF 
TICKETS 


AMOUNT 
RECEIPTS. 


YEAR. 


NO. OF 
TICKETS. 


AMOUNT 
RECEIPTS. 


1877, 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881, 


111,740 
114,058 
116,371 
125,486 
1 30,431 


|l22,88l.8o 
131,262.93 
127.382.13 
138,716.03 

i52,3'4-90 


1882, 

1883 

1884 

1885, 

1886, 


149,443 
153,857 
163,023 
I73.'i6 
180,650 


;}! 168,930.08 
178,918.59 
186,839.27 
163,813.89 
168,628.34 



Total Number of Tickets, 1,418,175 ; Total Amount Received, 1(1,539,687.96. 

Number of Local Tickets, 1,316.298. 

Number of Tickets sold to points west of Pittsburgh, 101.877. 

The increase on the Philadelphia and Reading branches touching 
Lancaster has been corre.spondingly large; while the vastly in- 
creased volume of express and telegraph business on all lines shows 
a great quickening of commercial activity and of manufacturing 
enterjirise. 

THE CENSUS OF 1880. 

The census takers of 1880 returned the following classification of 

Lancaster's industrial establishments : 

The number of establishments of all industries is given as 313, with a total 
capital of $3,792,740. Total amount paid in wages during the year, $1,177,249 ; 
value of materials, $2,942,312; value of products, $5,404,937. Average num- 
ber of hands employed : Males, above 16 years, 2,741 ; females, above 15 years, 
1,044; children and youths, 467. 



52 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

The wagon and carnage factories, 12; with capital of ^151,600, giving em- 
ployment to 226 men and 13 boys, and paying $79,101 in wages. Value of ma- 
terial, $123,025; value of products, $242,760. 

Men's clothing, 5 establishments; capital, $121,265; 124 men, 44 women j 
wages, $44,200'; value of materials, $133,000; value of products, $214,875. 

Cotton goods establishments, 5 ; capital, $1,382,000; 484 males, 737 females, 
240 children; wages, $298,734, value of materials, $857,505; value of pro- 
ducts, $1,654,132. 

Foundry and machine shop products, 10 establishments; capital, $184,650 ; 168 
men and 3 boys; $67,126 wages ; value of materials, $104,319; products, $228,- 
623. 

Liquors, malt, 8 establishments; capital, $186,000; 45 men; wages, $13,927; 
value of material, $84,365; value of products, $139,275. 

Printing and publishing, 6 establishments; capital, $177,600; 171 males, 17 
females, 21 children; wages, $66,918; value of materials, $51,517; value of 
products, $157,770. 

Tobacco and cigars, 50 establishments; capital, $128,720; 147 men, 50 
women, 18 children; wages, $53,835; value of materials, $63,312; value of 
products, $236,435. 

Blacksmithing, establishments, 14; capital, $8,925; males employed, 8; 
youths, 3 ; wages, $3,826 ; value of material, $5,303; value of products, $21,- 
708. 

Boots and shoes, including custom work and repairing, establishments, 13 ; 
capital, $23,400; males, 30; females, 2; wages, $12,977; value of material, 
$17,105 ; value of products, $40,033. 

Boxes, cigar, establishments, 5; capital, $18,450; males, 9; females em- 
ployed, 16; children, 6 ; wages, $7,184; value of material, $19,681; value of 
products, $32,193. 

Bread and other bakery products, establishments, 24; capital, $31,150; males 
employee!, 24; females, 2; children, 10; wages, $10,928; value of material, 
$61,763 ; value of products, $98,234. 

Brick and tile, establishments, 8; capital, $53,500; males employed, 93; 
youths, 22; wages, $26,922; .value of material, $14,454; value of products,. 
^53.659- 

Brooms and brushes, establishments, 3; capital employed, $7,000; males em- 
ployed, 9; females,!; children, i; wages, $4,360 ; value of material, $5,000 ; 
value of products, $15,400. 

Carpentering, establishments, 11 ; capital, $7,975; males employed, 57;, 
wages, $24,966; value of materials, $47,423 ; value of products, $86,633. 

Carriage and wagon materials, establishments, 5; capital, $72,500; males em- 
ployed, 8t ; youths, 4 ; wages, $30,169; value of material, $66,900; value of 
products, $125,000. 

Coffms, burial cases, and undertakers' goods, establishments, 4; capital, 
$5,550; males employed, 4; youths, i; wages, $1,698; value of material, 
$5,200; value of products, $10,800. 

Confectionery, establishments, 7 ; capital, $79,100; males employed, 26; fe- 
males, 16; children, 4; wages, $14,803; value of material, $36,990; value of 
products, $67,160. 

Furniture, establishments, 7; capital, $67,500; males employed, 39 ; youths, 
3; wages, $19,123; value of material, $28,994; value of products, $68,877. 

Hand-knit goods, establishments, 4; capital, $15,500 ; males employed, 14; 
females, 7; children, 5; wages, $6,948; value of material, $19,102; value of 
products, $29,300. 



OF THE CI TV OK LANCASTER, PA. 53 

Leather curried, establishments, 6; capital, $51,400; males employed, 29; 
wages, $11,430; value of material, $146,189; value of products, $177,485. 

Leather tanned, establishment-^, 7 ; capital, $66,400 ; males employed, 42 ; 
wages, $15,349; value of material, $144,035; value of products, $177,485. 

Marble and stone masons, establishments, 4 ; capital, $47,500 ; males em- 
ployed, 15; youths, 4; wages, $7,777 ; value of material, $18,049; value of 
products, $34,932. 

Masonry, brick and stone, establishments, 3 ; capital, $225 ; malies employed, 
9; wages, $3,700; value of material, $4,100; value of products, $10,550. 

Painting and paper hanging, establishments, 9; capital, $2,800 ; males em- 
ployed, ^^-y wages, $13,520; value of material, $14,697; value of products. 

Photographing, establishments., 4 ; capital, $8,700; males employed, 6; fe- 
males, 4; wages, $3,625 ; value of material, $3,100; value of products, $11,071. 

Plumbing and gas-fitting, establishments, 5; capital, $5,800; males em- 
ployed, 6 ; wages, $3,440 ; value of material, $13,700; value of products, $23,- 

945- 

Saddlery and harness, establishments, 7 ; capita', $33,280; males employed, 
35 > wages, $13,536; value of material, $18,614; value of products, $40,000. 

Sash, doors and blinds, establishments, 4 ; capital, $69,000 ; males employed, 
77: wages, $28,210 ; value of material, $59,800 ; value of products, $108,700. 

Stone and earthenware, establishments, 3 ; capital, $8,100; males employed, 
8; youths, i; wages, $2,383; value of material, $1,128; value of products, 
$5,600. 

Tin-ware, copperware and sheet iron ware, establishments, 15; capital, $88,- 
700 ; males employed, 61 ; youths, I ; wages, $28,642 ; value of material, $43,708 ; 
value of products, $90,359. 

Wheelwrighting, establishments, 3 ; capital, $1,100 ; youths, l ; wages, $156; 
value of material, $800; value of products, $2,400. 

All other industries, establishments, 42 ; capital, $687,350 ; males employed, 
661 ; females, 148; children, 106; wages, $257,736 ; value of material, $729,- 
434; value of products, $1,163,662 ; [embracing agricultural implements; bags, 
paper; book-binding and blank-book making; boxes, fancy and paper; boxes, 
wooden packing; carpets, rag; combs; cooperage; cordage and twine; cork cut- 
ting ; cutlery and edge tools ; dyeing and finishing textiles ; files ; glue ; hard- 
ware ; hardware saddlery ; hats and caps ; iron and steel ; lock and gunsmith- 
ing ; looking-glass and picture frames ; lumber, sawed ; mineral and soda waters ; 
musical instruments, organs and materials; shirts; slaughtering and meat pack- 
ing; soap and candles; tobacco, chewing, smoking and snuff; upholstering; 
watch and clock repairing; watches; wood turned and carved ; and wooden 
ware.] 

INCREASE IN SIX YEARS. 

It is not fairly presumable that even at that time this exhibit was 
a correct presentation of the variety and extent of Lancaster's 
manufacturing industries. Many vague and incomplete returns 
were unquestionably received, and all attemjjts to secure an accurate 
and perfect census meet with serious obstructions. For instance, in 
some of the above smaller branches of industry the number of 
hands given as employed is less than the total of establishments ; 
obviously the proprietors themselves being omitted from the enum- 
eration, though they would be fitly included as operatives and me- 



54 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



chanics. In many other cases inability and unwillingness on the 
part of individuals to make proper reports, or the difficulty of separat- 
ing mechanical and manufacturing branches in many instances from 
the commercial and merchandising interests, have rendered all such 
tables fallible. But when a single industry, like that of cigar mak- 
ing, shows by the tax returns an increase from 50 to 126 establish- 
ments within the past six years it is a fair inference not only that 
the returns of 1880 were incomplete, but that a very marked in- 
crease in the manufacturing activity of the city has been experi- 
enced since that time. 

Indeed no one can regard the miles of new street opened, laid 
out and improved since then ; the new buildings erected in the 
meantime, running into thousands in number; the increase of 
freight, telegraph, express and telephone business ; the larger 
patronage of banks, markets and other tests of commercial prosperity 
and domestic thrift, without yielding to the conclusion, supported 
by returns made to the Board of Trade's committee on statistics, 
that the productive industrial establishments of the city number not 
less than 607 ; the capital invested in such manufacturing industry 
aggregates $4,984,300 ; the raw material consumed not less than 
;^4,2i3,278; the product turned out $7,185,256 ; number of opera- 
tives employed 5,438, and the total of wages disbursed per annum 
^1,667,550. 

The following table exhibits the increase of Lancaster's present 
actual manufacturing establishments over the returns of the last 
federal census : 



3 00 






Number of Establishments , 3131 607 

Capital Invested 3,792,740 4,984,800 

Hands Employed 4,252 5,438 

Wages Paid 1,177,249 1,667,550 

Raw Materials 2,942,312 4,213,278 

Product 5,404,93717,185,256 



294 

1,192,060 

i,iS6 

490,301 

1,270,966 

1,780,319 



It is true these industries are very widely distributed ; that in 
many cases their proprietorship and the immediate family consti- 
tute the entire working force ; and that great variety, instead of 
consolidation, characterizes this branch of business life in Lancaster. 
But, as in the history of every prosperous country, this experience 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 55 

is found to conduce to the best development ; periods of undue 
stimulation and resulting depression are infrequent ; panics, strikes, 
lockouts and the annoyances that too often plague capital and 
harass and oppress labor in many so-called " manufacturing 
centres," are practically unknown in Lancaster. 

A glance over some of the leading and more successful branches 
of industrial activity and manufacturing enterprise in Lancaster, 
will show the wide range of interests that have found lodgment 
here, the versatility of local labor, and the mutual advantages with 
which it has been employed by capital, business enterprise and saga- 
cious direction. 

TEXTILE FABRICS— THE COTTON MILLS. 

Over forty years ago, when the population of the city was only 
10,000, the project of erecting mills for cotton manufacture was con- 
ceived and carried out, largely through the efforts of the late David 
Longenecker and John F. Steinman ; and by 1851, the three large 
mills on South Prince street, forming a group known as the Conesr 
togo Mills, Nos. I, 2 and 3, were in operation. With some changes 
of owners, and vicissitudes of fortune attending the original com- 
panies, they have continued successfully in almost uninterrupted 
oi:)eration ever since their first establishment. For longer than a 
generation of men this industry has continued ; with constant en- 
largement and improvements, no doubt, it will long be maintained 
as by far the most important interest of the city. A large portion 
of Lancaster's population are thus born to an inheritance of adapta- 
tion for this and kindred textile labor. In 1864, another mill, No. 
4, was fitted up on Beaver street, but since 1878 it has not been 
operated. The property could be readily purchased and easily 
adapted for any of various manufacturing purposes. The Fulton 
Mill, known as No. 5, on North Duke street, has been in operation 
since 1865. The extensive Allendale Mill (No. 6), on East Chest- 
nut street, and a large dye-house in connection with it, located on 
the Quarryville railroad, were built later and operated to great 
profit. They were closed a few years ago, only because they had 
passed into the hands of Philadelphia owners, who found it impos- 
sible to give personal attention to their direction in connection 
with other large business enterprises in which they were engaged. 
The most recently erected cotton mill is the Stevens, at No. T19 
Pine street, in the west end of the city. 



56 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

Nos. 2 and 3, owned by John Farnum & Co., of Philadelphia, 
have been managed for many years by S. S. Spencer, one of the 
most skillful and sagacious mechanics and operators in his branch 
of manufacturing throughout the country ; and under this direction 
they have grown to dimensions that make their influence upon the 
business life of the city most forcible and significant. They manu- 
facture tickings, awnings and wide sheetings, turning out 6,000,000 
yards of fabric annually, worth $850,000, for the New York and 
Philadelphia markets, whence this product finds sale in all the states 
and territories. Their trade and exchanges are of the widest range 
and most varied character ; they consume in raw material coal, paper 
and lumber from our own state ; cotton from all the producing sec- 
tions of the South ; potato starch from IN'Iaine and New York ; 
indigo from Guatemala and cutch from India; dyes from 
France, Germany and New England, and every manner of tools, 
machinery and other supplies from all parts of the country. Largely 
owing to the skill and judgment of Mr. Spencer, the machinery of 
these mills — much of it of his own device — is famous throughout 
the country, and even in England, for remarkable excellence and 
unsurpassed efficiency in the uses to which it is applied. 

Mill No. I, another great interest of the same class, operated by 
F. Shroder & Co., makes various styles of cotton goods, for which 
extensive sale is found over the country ; and its disbursement of 
wages exercises a most important influence on the labor of the city. 

The product of Fulton Mill, Geo. Calder, Jr., proprietor, is 
fancy ducks, cheviots, cottonades and awning stripes. 

At the Stevens Mill cotton warps and skein yarn are made ; and 
ever since its opening the mill has been in successful operation; H. 
S. Shirk & Sons, proprietors. The total investment of capital in the 
five cotton manufactory establishments now in active operation in 
Lancaster is $1,525,000 ; the value of raw material consumed in a 
year, $861,578.66 ; products annually manufactured, $1,389,556.75; 
wages paid, $360,059.55 ; number of employes, 1,266, of whom 
nearly two-thirds are females. 

Allendale Mill, owned by Wilson & Bradbury, of Philadelphia, 
and located in the eastern part of the city, ran for years very profit- 
ably on ducks, drills, moleskins and other goods, for which there 
is increasing sale. Its machinery is in excellent condition and, 
only for the causes already stated, shut down with cotton on its 
spindles and thread in its looms. Negotiations are pending, how- 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 57 

•ever, for its early resumption, as well as of operations at the dye- 
house, with a force of 125 hands and under direction that promises 
successful return. 

Coverlets, Stockings, Quilts, Hats &^r. — For many years Lancas- 
ter has had reputation among manufacturing cities for making a 
superior quality of counterpanes, coverlets &.c. Among the manu- 
facturers in this line J. P. Otto erected on South Mulberry street a 
few years ago a capacious factory, in which of late he has made ex- 
tensively the new product of Smyrna rugs. They have found ready 
sale in the Eastern markets. The capacity of the mill is greatly in 
excess of its present operation ; and its extension offers a profitable 
field for enterprise and capital. 

The Lancaster Knitting Company, with its works at No. 40 South 
Christian street, makes hosiery for men, women and children, and 
finds sale for its goods East and West. It gives employment to 
about 40 persons. 

John Zurcher, of No. 30 North Mary, has a manufactory of cot- 
ton and woolen quilts which are sold over the country \ and Benj. 
Shauble manufactures coverlets on Columbia Avenue. 

W. D. Stauffer «S: Co. manufacture fur and silk hats for the home 
trade; combining the manufacture with the extensive retail trade at 
the old Shultz location. 

Martin's rope works, on West King street. No. 339, is one of 
the old manufactories of the city. 

In carpet weaving, the local industry supplies the home market 
with rag carpet, and a very considerable quantity is shipped abroad ; 
besides the work of this class at the prison, where from 30,000 to 
32,000 yards are made annually, there are six carpet weaving 
establishments in the city. At Philip Schum's, No. 150 South 
Water, besides carpets, coverlets, counterpanes, blankets and other 
goods of this class are made in large quantities ; and dyeing and 
coloring in all branches are carried on. 

Several available sites in Lancaster have been selected by pro- 
jectors of new silk mills, and by those interested in the removal 
hither of such industries, from localities where the conditions 
of securing labor and capital are far less favorable than here. 
All of those who have viewed the locality with such purpose have 
been satisfied that an abundance of labor, well adapted for any sort 
of manufacture, is to be found in Lancaster; and that it can be 



58 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

employed not only at profitable wages, but with the certainty of 
freedom from agitation, interruption or disturbance. 

IRON MILLS, FURNACE, FOUNDRIES, BOILER AND MACHINE SHOPS. 

Although Lancaster is most advantageously situated and its pop- 
ulation has shown greatest adaptation for what are known as " light 
manufactures," no small variety of iron works have at all times been 
in operation here, and have flourished to the benefit of their proprie- 
tors and the stimulation and support of general business. Marked in- 
crease in this line of industries and rapid extension of those long 
established have been noticeable within the past ten or fifteen years. 
The old " locomotive works," first organized in 1853, demoralized 
by the panic of 1857, operated by individuals with varying fortune 
during and after the war, and a failure as a manufacturing concern 
in 1873-75, were purchased and refitted by the Penn Iron Company 
(limited), which began the successful operation of them in Sept. 
1879. ^'hey are located on the line of the Pennsylvania railroad 
north of Fulton and east of Plum streets ; their various buildings, 
tracks, &c., cover six acres of ground. The capital of the concern 
is ^100,000; about 400 hands are regularly employed; the annual 
product amounts to about 14,000 tons of merchant bar iron, railroad 
spikes, track fastenings, axles, bolts and nuts &c.; and they are 
sold in Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, Wilmington, Newark, 
N. J., and other Eastern markets; the j:)ay roll amounts to over 
$100,000 per annum and wages are paid bi-weekly. During even 
the dullest seasons in iron making these works have been con- 
tinuously operated since the organization of the present company, 
and they have not been idle for a day except for repairs or upon 
holidays. This unvarying success of the present management has 
been largely owing to the superior ciuality and established reputa- 
tion of the product. 

Pig Iron. — The Conestoga Furnace, owned and operated by 
Peacock & Thomas, and situated in the southern part of the city, 
on the Quarryville railroad, is fully equipped with all the appli- 
ances for iron making and has valuable ore rights in the county, 
within easy railroad communication. It has a capacity of 150 tons 
per week, and makes a superior quality of iron, which is largely 
consumed in local industries. At the mines and furnace from 75 
to 100 men are employed, and about ;^35,ooo in wages paid an- 
nually. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 59 

Efigine Building and Boiler Making. — One of the most useful 
and best established industries of the city, iUustrating how success- 
fully works of the kind can be built up and operated here, and how 
extensive a market can be found for these products, is the interest 
of boiler making. Chief among the establishments of this kind, is 
the business of John Best & Son, at No. 333 East Fulton street, en- 
gaged in the manufacture of engines, boilers, tanks, cupolas, pumps, 
saw mills, bark mills, cob mills, pulleys, shafting, gearing, castings, 
iron and brass machinery of all kinds, furnace and steam heating. 
Eighty per cent, of the product is sold beyond the limits of the 
county, and an average of 75 employes are engaged. Another 
Lancaster mechanic, who has shown no little enterprise in building 
up and finding a market here and elsewhere for pumps, engines, fan- 
blowers and general supplies and machine works, is Ezra F. Landis, 
No. 537 Cherry street. G. D. Bare, 518 Cherry street, and Frank 
B. Marion, 315 South Water, make boilers, tanks and do general 
work of that class. The total capital invested in this industry at 
Lancaster, is almost ;^ioo,ooo; employes, 100; wages, $40,000; 
raw material, $125,000; products, $190,000. 

Elevators. — For the manufacture of freight and passenger eleva- 
vators, for which the science of modern building has created neces- 
sity and demand, there are but seven manufactories in Pennsylva- 
nia — four in Philadelphia, and two in Pittsburg — and one of these is 
in Lancaster. At A. C. Welchans' works, No. 30 West Walnut 
street, elevators, dumb waiters and hoisting machines are made for 
an extensive trade in York, Lebanon, Harrisburg, Reading and 
many surrounding towns. 

Edge Tools and File Cutting. — These are branches of industry 
that have long been represented in Lancaster, and Brady's edge 
tools and Spencer's files are sold very extensively throughout the 
country; each establishment employs about a half score ot men. 

Bolt Works. — The Lancaster Bolt Works, though not at present 
in operation, are most eligibly located in the northwestern part of 
the city, at the angle of Harrisburg Avenue and Mulberry street, 
and just where the Reading railroad crosses the Pennsylvania. 
With new buildings, an excellent plant, established reputation for 
the product and proximity to both lines of railroad, these works 
have unsurpassed facilities for the successful and profitable manu- 
facture of bridge and carriage bolts, axle clips, hardware special- 



^0 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

ties and other supplies. Machinery with a capacity for turning out 
I, GOO dozen axle clips per week is intact; a fifty horse power en- 
gine, 600 pound drop punch, shears, shafting and other machinery 
are included in the equipment. Adjoining room and storage build- 
ings could be easily procured for extension, and the works might 
readily be engaged upon their former product, or could be easily 
adapted to some corresponding industry, employing from 100 to 
200 hands. 

Locks. — The Keystone Lock Works, Edvv. T. Fraim, proprietor, 
No. 237 Park Avenue, make patented pad-locks, which find sale 
not only in United States, but in Cuba and South America. Of a 
total product of $29,500, turned out by 24 employes, abDut $9,000 
is paid out in wages to Lancaster mechanics. The successful es- 
tablishment of this industry within the past decade has added a 
very important one to the great variety of local manufactures. 

Foundries, Machinists, Pattern Makers, etc. — There are a full 
score or more other large and small establishments for iron and 
brass foundry, machine and specialty work, supplying the local and 
distant trade. Richard Blickenderfer has an extensive foundry at 
No. 126 North Water street, for casting and fitting up turbine water 
wheels, cork machinery, brick-making machines, shafting, pulleys, 
etc., for heavy and light foundry work, and castings of all kinds. 
Forty hands find regular employment here, and $15,600 is paid out 
annually in wages. R. C. McCuUy, on North Plum, adjoining the 
Penn Works, makes iron and brass castings, cob crushers, cooper 
stores, etc; Evans & Coyle, No. 515-21 Cherry alley, make light 
and heavy castings ; John J. Cochran, Cherry alley, brass founder ; 
the National Manufacturing Company, No. 235-7 East Fulton 
street, has recently been organized for the manufacture of patent 
railroad nut-locks, steam washing machines, meat and vegetable slic- 
ing machines, flower stands, adjustable carriage pole bow irons, car- 
riage whifiletree and doubletree clip irons and other patented 
hardware specialties; David N. Landis & Co., corner of East King 
and Church, make artesian well drillers and force pumps ; Wm. 
D. Zell, No. 32-34 East Chestnut, cigar maker's tools, stencil 
tools, etc; Robert L. Eicholtz, No. 10 North Queen street, light 
iron and brass work ; Jos. Bruederly, No. 525 Beaver, forks; The 
American Blower and Forge Co., No. 129 East King, and Cham- 
pion Blower and Forge Co., No. 451 North Christian, fan-blowers 
for blacksmiths and other iron workers; New Era Manufacturing 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. ()1 

Co., No. 424 Beaver street, incubators and brooders, oil pumps 
and patented specialties; B. J. Kress, No. 453 West King, surgical 
and orthopedical instruments, sold in New York and Philadelphia; 
Anne & Thomas, No. 27 Cherry alley; Chas. V. Rote, 117 East 
Chestnut street, and Potts & Weber, No. 152 North Christian 
street, iron fences, fire escapes, etc.; Joseph H. Huber, brass 
founder, specialty and general machinist. No. 25 East Grant ; D. 
H. Kulp, No. 117 East Chestnut, patterns, fans for ventilation and 
other novelties ; Cummings& Steigervvalt, making patterns, models^ 
drawings, iron and brass castings and specialties in hardware and 
machinery, recently consolidated with the Lancaster Steam Radiator 
Company, with Dr. M. L. Herr, President; F. H. Bare, Vice- 
President ; John H. High, Secretary and Treasurer, and W, P. 
Cummings, General Manager, engaging at Nos. 26-34 West Chest- 
nut street in the manufacture t)f steam radiators, castings, patterns, 
etc., employing about thirty persons and turning out a product of 
$40,000, sold all over the United States — these are some of the ma- 
chinists and manufacturing establishments who make up the miscel- 
laneous branch of iron, machine and foundry business, that aggre- 
gates an investment of not less than ^150,000 capital, employs i8a 
men, pays §60,000 wages, consumes $105,000 raw material and 
turns out $200,000 of product per annum. 

Plumbing, Steam Heating, Gas- Fitting, and Metal Working. — 
These industries are carried on extensively, in connection mainly 
with the house furnishing business, by Flinn & Breneman, John 
P. Schaum & Son, Stoner, Shreiner & Co., Evarts & Overdeer, 
and Kieffer & Herr ; John L. Arnold adds to it slate roofing and 
metal cornices; L. H. Bachler and others undertake job, piece, and 
contract work in all these lines. The demand upon Lancaster me- 
chanics, famed for excellence of work, has not only vastly increased 
in the city but throughout the county. A large proportion of the 
new houses of better class now building in the rural districts are 
supplied with plumbing, gas and water pipes ; while contracts for 
large private and public buildings in the interior of the State are 
frequently undertaken by Lancaster skill and enterprise. 

Copper and Tin- Smithing. — The earlier recorded obser\ations of 
travelers in this part of the country note workings in copper as a 
characteristic industry of Lancaster ; and aforetime the agents of 
this interest traveled far and wide over western Pennsylvania and 



62 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

the Southern and Western States, selling copper kettles, stills, &c. 
Although to some extent this is no longer the case, the copper ware 
manufacturers of Lancaster keep up its reputation for excellence 
of workmanship, and conspicuous in this line are Flinn & Brene- 
man, Jacob Foose, John P. Schaum, George J. and Samuel Diller. 

Twenty-three establishments in the city make and sell tinware, 
many of them in connection with general miscellaneous trade ; and 
several make a specialty of roofing and spouting. 

Agricultural Implements. —K\X\iO\x^ but six dealers are included in 
this classification, the pre-eminence of Lancaster county's agricul- 
tural interests make the trade a very extensive one, entering into 
nearly every branch of general merchandising. Josiah Davish car- 
ries on the manufacture of threshing machines ; but as yet the op- 
portunities afforded here for the manufacture of farm machinery and 
tools, and the splendid local market offered in the constant and in- 
creasing demand, have not been taken up ; and for no branch of new 
works does the city present greater advantages, nor is any place 
in this part of the country so well situated for such industry. 

THE MANUFACTURE OF WATCHES. 

It has been nearly thirteen years since the organization in the old 
Board of Trade rooms of the Lancaster Watch Factory. Its exten- 
sive works are located in the West End, between Columbia and 
Marietta Avenues ; like many of the more extensive manufactures 
located here — and Lancaster has not been singular in this exper- 
ience — uniform good fortune and financial success have not always 
attended its operation ; and the original investment and subsequent 
additions found no immediate return except in the rapid develop- 
ment of a new section of the city, the attraction to Lancaster of a 
high grade of artisans, the instruction of hundreds of persons resi- 
dent here, of different sexes, in a new branch of light and profit- 
able labor, and in the demonstration anew of the adaptation of this 
locality to industrial establishments in which, by the application of 
skilled labor and perfected machinery, the smallest amount of raw 
material gives employment to the largest number of hands, with 
the greatest return of product. Under its last re-organization it is 
operated with success in the manufacture of watch movements, for 
which there is a constant and increasing demand and a steady sale 
beyond the capacity of the factory. The enterprise represents an 
investment by different companies of fully a half million dollars ; 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 63 

and the 175 persons now employed there, paid annually about $84,- 
000 in wages, operating on 5 15,000 of raw material, turn out 
^120,000 of product, sold in nearly all the metropolitan markets 
of the United States. It will be readily seen of what importance 
to the manufacturing interests of the city is the continued successful 
operation of an industry making such large distribution of wages 
and employing so generally light labor. The present company op- 
erating the works is "The Keystone Watch Company." 

k 

LANCASTER'S RIFLE WORKS. 

In the olden time, when the necessities of defence, the ever- 
present exigencies of war, the sports of the field and other con- 
ditions rapidly passing away, made the shot-gun, musket and rifle 
articles of common household possession, Lancaster was the 
centre of gun makers, ammunition foundries and boring mills. 
This branch of manufacture has been developed and continued 
here for fifty-two years by H. E. Leaman, whose works at No. 
28 East James street are the same plant from which rifles were 
shipped to the Indian trade in 1835 ; from it contracts w^ere filled 
for the government during the administrations of Presidents Van 
Buren, Harrison, Tyler, Polk, Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce and Buch- 
anan, and greatly enlarged quantities delivered for service in the 
Union armies during the late war ; sporting rifles have been made 
here for a generation, and their popularity is attested in every State 
of the Union. At times from fifty to sixty men have been em- 
ployed in this branch of mechanism, and a product as great as 
^100,000 per annum turned out; but of late years the works have 
not been operated so extensively. Exi)erience has, however, dem- 
onstrated the fitness of this location for such enterprise, and with 
the cheapness of living, easy supply of skilled labor and material, 
and other favorable conditions in Lancaster, the continuance and 
enlargement of the rifle-making industry are entirely practicable. 

A CENTRE OF CORK-CUTTING. 

It has been twenty-five years since the late Harri.son Boardman, 
a mechanical genius, associated with the cotton manufactures of the 
city, and also inventor of many ingenious and valuable improve- 
ments in cork-cutting machinery, located Lancaster as a suitable 
place for this industry. Out of the small beginning of 1862-63 
have grown three large concerns, whose prosperity has conduced no 
little to the welfare of the city. The Lancaster Cork Works, on New 



6-i RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

Holland avenue and the Pennsylvania Railroad, G. W. Dodge pro- 
prietor ; the Phoenix, on East Fulton street, Eaby & Compton> 
and Arnold's Conestoga works, Lime and Fulton streets, import large 
quantities of corkwood from Spain and Portugal, and consume over 
$300,000 of raw material, engaging the labor of 200 hands, includ- 
ing youth of both sexes, to whom nearly $40,000 in wages is paid, 
and a product of over $400, 000 is reported. There are compara- 
tively few establishments of the kind in the whole country. Those 
located in Pennsylvania represent half the capital and product of 
this industry in the entire United States, and the Lancaster factor- 
ies are by far the most considerable in this State, the three compris- 
ing about one-half the capital, employes and product of the in- 
dustry of cork-cutting in Pennsylvania. The success which has 
attended the introduction and management of this interest in Lan- 
caster is another striking proof of its peculiar adaptation for man- 
ufactures of this class. 

THE COMB FACTORY. 

Lancaster enjoys also the distinction of being the location of the 
only comb factory in the State outside of Philadelphia. It was 
established here on a much smaller scale than that of its present 
operation sixty-three years ago ; during all the intervening period 
it has demonstrated the utility of a branch of manufacture that has 
long served text-books to illustrate the most economic use of raw 
materials. South America, Texas and the far West supply horns, 
the leading element in this industry; and upon an investment of 
$30,000 capital, with $12,000 distributed annually in wages among 
45 employes, and the consumption of $18,500 raw material, there 
are manufactured and sold almost $30,000 of combs; $7,000 
of waste, in the shape of tips used for buttons, pipe mouth-pieces 
and other small articles, is shipped to Philadelphia for manufac- 
ture in these forms. 

TANNING AND OTHER LEATHER INDUSTRIES. 

Tanning is one of the original industries in every new country, 
and all the old records of Lancaster's varied resources and indus- 
tries note the establishment and operation here of leather-making 
enterprises. Although many of the domestic uses of leather have 
passed away, new and much more varied demands for it have arisen; 
and while there have been consolidation and concentration in vast 
establishments within the great bark-growing regions, Lancaster has 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 65 

retained its tanning interests, and here within the city hmits they 
have equipped themselves with modern improvements and grad- 
ually enlarged their business. Confining themselves chiefly to har- 
ness leather, they make from oak bark a superior grade, and 
find extensive sale for it in this county and through i)art of the 
Eastern, Middle and Southern States. Locher& Sons, A. A. Myers, 
Snavely & Bro., G. Groezinger and Israel Silvius, are the leading 
tanners of the city by the old process. The Helvetia Leather 
Company, incorporated in 1886, at No. 520-8 Poplar street, 
manufactures from hides by a secret process, saia to differ from all 
known methods, " Helvetia " leather, specially adapted for belting, 
lacing and apron wear. 

For shoes, leather must be made hard enough to resist the greatest 
possible abrasion — its tensile strength being a secondary considera- 
tion ; and this is best accomplished by the bark process, th% 
tannin of the bark combining with the fiber (collagen) of the 
skin to harden and stiffen it at the expense of its strength. Other 
chemical processes deteriorate the strength of the fiber. The Hel- 
vetia process uses no chemicals of any kind ; it cures, softens and 
strengthens all the fibers of the skin, and the result is a leather 
which when torn apart shows a fiber nearly equal to a hemj) string, 
and is claimed to be three or four times as strong as bark-tanned 
leather. It is only used for belting and similar machinery 
purposes. 

Saddlery and Horse Collars. — Most of the local dealers in sad- 
dlery, harness, trunks and leather goods, manufacture to a greater 
or less extent light and heavy harness and other saddlery supplies; 
among the leading dealers and manufacturers being Michael Haber- 
bush, Edw. Kreckel, Amos Ringwalt, PiiiliiJ Rudy and C. Z. Miley; 
also Philip Schmidt and Wm. Sperling. The special industry 
of horse and mule collar making has been most successfully 
developed in Lancaster by John W. Lowell, whose trade has spread 
from Maine to New Orleans, principally in New York, Pennsylvania 
and Maryland. Wm. E. Harkins has successfully engaged in the 
same line of manufacture, and also Philip H. Fisher. This branch 
of manufacture is another of Lancaster's specialties, which has com- 
manded remote and extensive patronage. It employs about 1^30,000 
capital, pays $12,000 in wages to 35 employes, and makes $50,000 
of product out of $27,000 of raw material; while the saddlery 
manufacture alone in Lancaster is even more extensive in its totals. 



66 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

THE WORKERS IN WOOD. 

Large areas of the original forests of Lancaster county were 
early cleared by the axe of the pioneer ; more gradually but surely 
of late years the increasing value of cleared lands has greatly re- 
duced the timber covered acreage ; but the remaining local supply 
of hard woods and the advantage of locating here have maintained 
a variety of planing and saw mills, turning, bending, and other 
wood-working establishments in Lancaster. Besides D. H. Bar- 
tholomew, before mentioned, who, in addition to cigar box manu- 
facture, turns out every variety of carpenters', wagon-makers', cabi- 
net-makers' and builders' supplies, the planing mills of Henry 
Burger, J. P. Stormfeltz, F. O. Sturgis and William Wohlsen meet 
a large home and distant demand for sash, doors, shutters, frames, 
mouldings and other building supplies ; D. S. Sweeton engages in 
stair building, mantels and other fine interior work. 

The Eagle Spoke and Bending Works, of Ph. Lebzelter & Co., 
carrying on the manufacture of wheels, carriage and wagon wood 
work, has established a branch in Dayton, Ohio, and sells a con- 
siderable portion of its product in England, Germany and other 
foreign countries. Alfred Diller is engaged in the manufacture of 
wheels, spokes, rims, hubs and bows; and B. F. Skeen in felloes, 
bows, shafts and perches. Both ship very largely of their product 
outside the State. Martin & Yeager are engaged in turning, bend- 
ing, etc. The different industries comprehended under this head 
may be safely set down with an invested capital of $200,000; ma- 
terial consumed, $189,000; products, $348,000; wages paid, 
$84,100; employes, 218. 

The mechanical industry of cabinet-making is carried on gener- 
ally in connection with the trade in furniture ; but in this branch 
of industry, which since the recent development of household art 
decoration has been revolutionized, Lancaster furnishes workmen 
of the highest integrity, taste and skill ; and the thirteen furniture 
establishments of the city, while dealing largely in manufactured 
wares, have shops in which the handiwork of the best artisans is 
made to order. 

THE MANUFACTURE OF FINE CARRIAGE WORK. 

The demands of a thickly-populated, highly-cultivated and pros- 
}jerous agricultural region, and of a city where fine turnouts on the 
road are such a common sight, would alone furnish trade for a very 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 67 

extensive industry in the manufacture of light vehicles ; but such 
has been the special development of this interest, and so wide 
spread is the fame of Lancaster mechanics in this line, that the car- 
riage-making establishments of the city turn out vast quantities of 
work for distant markets. Notably the old firm of D. A. Altick & 
Sons has a branch at West Broad and Brighton streets, Savannah, 
Georgia, whither large quantities of vehicles are shipped from the 
local manufactory; S. E. Bailey & Co. sell very extensively in all 
parts of United States and Canada ; Edvv. Edgerley, Norbeck & 
Miley, Philip Doersom, have reputations which command extensive 
patronage; and all these, together with a half dozen other smaller 
concerns, aggregate a capital of about $208,000 ; raw material 
consumed, $130,000; product, $350,000; paid annually in wages, 
$116,000, and 334 employes. 

BUILDING AND BUILDERS. 

Lancaster is not only built rather densely in the central part of 
the town, but its building is uniformly of substantial and permanent 
character. Here and there remain a few types of the old archi- 
tecture; and some of the most substantial structures in the city have 
the cornice and other distinguishing marks of nearly a century ago. 
The Trinity Lutheran Church is a fine specimen of the ecclesiastical 
architecture of the last century, and the erection of the stately spire 
was begun over one hundred years ago. The county jail and the court 
house, of which illustrations accompany this text, are notable for 
striking architectural features ; the churches of the city generally 
make no great pretensions to beauty of exterior design, but are dig- 
nified, commodious and comfortable places of worship. The Stevens 
House is the most elaborate building of its kind in the city ; and 
the substantial character of the structures devoted to warehouse and 
manufacturing purposes is represented by the characteristic subjects 
selected for illustrations in this work. Within the past fifteen or 
twenty years, besides the improvements on all the business thorough- 
fares and the rebuilding or remodelling of every one of the stores 
which crowd them, there has been a revolution in domestic archi- 
tecture. In this period not only have been built hundreds of hand- 
some modern dwellings, for sale or rental, but in every part of the 
city individual taste has engaged itself upon the erection of 
permanent homes which for richness of design, comfort of plan 
and elegance of fitting up, have not been excelled by the improve- 
ments of any interior city. 



68 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



Since 1873 there have been issued from the Mayor's Office i,66S 
building permits, representing at least 2100 new structures in Lan- 
caster, a low average of the value of which would be $2,000 each — 
making a total of $4,200,000, added to the permanent wealth of 
the city from this source alone. 

The central portions of the city are protected by an ordinance 
prohibiting the erection of wooden buildings. Partly on this ac- 
count, and also because of the cheapness of material, the proportion 
of brick to frame structures in the city is unusually large. A recent 
enumeration shows that of 7,789 buildings of all kinds within the 
city limits, 5,383 are of brick or stone. 

The census of 1880 also sets forth the striking fact that Lancaster 
is the best housed, and its population the most comfortably situated 
of all the hundred leading cities of United States. No one of all 
these showed so small a number of persons to each dwelling ; and 
the following table for comparison indicates a cheapness of rents 
that is unsurpassed : 



Lancaster 

Allegheny , 

Harrisburg 

Reading 

Wilkes Barre 

Paterson, N. J 

Wilmington, Del. 



s^ 










83 


DWELLINGS. 


FAMILIES. 


^0 


Number. 


Persons to a 
Dwelling. 


Number. 


Persons to a 
Family. 


77 


5.133 


5.02 


5.379 


4-79 


23 
60 

41 


11,943 
5,967 
8,267 


6.59 
5.16 

5-24 


14,747 
6,429 
8,876 


5-34 
4.78 
4.88 


79 
34 
42 


4,157 
6,712 
7,641 


5.61 
7.60 
5-56 


4,424 

10,679 

8,243 


5-28 
4.78 
5-15 



Ordinary six and seven room houses on good streets can be 
rented at from $6 to $10 per month ; four to six room houses on 
smaller streets at from $4 to $6 per month ; and the best of three 
story good houses, with from ten to twelve rooms, steam or furnace 
heat, baths, gas and all the modern conveniences, situated in the 
best parts of the city, are easily procurable at from $15 to $20 per 
month. 

Of builders, for those desiring to make either domestic or busi- 
ness improvements, there is no lack. The city is well supplied with 
mechanics of this class; contractors and carpenters, bricklayers 
and masons, and finishers in every department. Stone and sand 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 69 

are quarried and lime is burned just outside of the city limits; they 
are delivered as cheaply as at any point in the State. Within or 
just on the edge of the city are seven brick yards, moulding and 
burning annually 15,000,000 of bricks. They are sold at ;$6.oo per 
thousand, and in large quantities even as low as $5.70, considerably 
cheaper than at any other point in the State; several millions are 
shipped annually to Harrisburg and along the line of the Pennsyl- 
vania railroad ; a harder brick for sewers and paving is sold at 
from $6.50 to $7.25 ; for paving, $8.00 ; fine pressed brick for $10 
or $12 ; as high as $15.00 for very superior quality adapted to orna- 
mental work. The industry of brick-making gives employment to 
almost 200 hands; pays $40,000 wages in season, and employs 
$100,000 capital. There is no exhaustion of clay in the immediate 
vicinity for brick-making purposes ; and some recent discoveries 
justify the belief that tile-making and like industries might be profit- 
ably located here. Conewago granite. Port Deposit flagging, cross- 
ing and curbing stone, slate for roofing and paving are readily to 
be had, and are largely used. The clay supply for five potteries in 
the city, is also found here entirely. 

There is good reason for believing that undeveloped deposits of 
clay suitable for fire-brick, tiling and other modern uses in building 
and manufacturing, abound in the vicinity of Lancaster; and sev- 
eral projects are in mind for the development of such interests. 

A GOVERNMENT BUILDING FOR LANCASTER. 

For many years it has been felt here and recognized abroad, 
that no city in the country, yet lacking a United States public 
building, has claims to Congressional appropriation for that purpose 
superior to those of Lancaster. The County Seat of such a vast 
and populous jurisdiction, with constant increase of a postal busi- 
ness that amounts to over $35,000 annual receij)ts, the location of 
the Internal Revenue Office of one of the most important districts 
of the country, collecting millions of revenue tax and having re- 
lations with thousands of manufacturing concerns, and tens of 
thousands of individuals, Lancaster has unchallenged claims to this 
consideration. The bill appropriating $100,000 for the purpose 
passed the Senate ; its early adoption by Congress, and the con- 
struction in Lancaster of a Government Building, worthy the his- 
toric and business importance of the place, in the very near future, 
are well assured. 



70 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING. 

Each of the three daily newspaper offices — the New Era, the 
Examiner and Intelligencer — has, in connection with its publishing 
business, an extensive and well-equipped job printing establish- 
ment, witli all facilities for excellent workmanship ; so too, have 
the German daily {Freie Fresse), the weekly Volksfreund and In- 
quirer ; besides several exclusive job offices. The Inquirer Print- 
ing and Publishing Company is engaged on a very large scale in 
the printing, binding, stereotyping and publishing of books and 
pamphlets, besides printing newspapers and periodicals for other 
publishing points. Of $75,000 received for annual products turned 
out from the Inquirer, over $25,000 is distributed in wages among 
from 75 to 90 persons, who find constant and regular employment 
in its composing and press rooms, bindery, stereotype foundry and 
other departments ; while 95 per cent, of its work is sent to other 
points ; because experience has demonstrated that printing can be 
done in Lancaster at from 15 to 30 per cent, below the ruling rates 
of other cities of the country; for taste, elegance and durability, 
Lancaster typography has wide reputation. The entire printing 
and publishing interest of Lancaster represents about $300,000 
capital, in manufacturing and real estate ; the consumption in raw 
material of $90,000 ; the distribution of $90,000 in wages among 
250 employes ; and the sale of $250,000 of product. 

One of the oldest and most famous publications of Lancaster is 
" Baer's Almanac," first published in 1827, issued annually in Ger- 
man and English by John Baer's Sons, successors to their father, 
its former publisher ; also proprietors of the Volksfreund and of 
the book store bearing their name. This almanac is a household 
necessity at tens of thousands of fire-sides ; it follows Lancaster 
County emigration wherever it settles ; a copy of it hung in the 
White House during the four years of Mr. Buchanan's Presidency ; 
it is recognized authority on every subject of which it treats; and, 
though in all leading features it adheres to the old familiar forms, 
the demand for it is constantly on the increase and reaches hun- 
dreds of thousands of copies yearly. 

Three book binderies do the work not only of the city, but a 
large amount of custom work for outsiders; and Lancaster deservedly 
has a reputation for cheap and elegant work in this line. One of 
these is operated in connection with the Inquirer Printing and Pub- 
lishing Company, and its statistics are included under that head ; 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 71 

the Other two represent an investment of $6,000 ; the employment 
of 10 hands; $2,500 wages; $2,500 raw material, and about 
$13,000 product. 

BREWERS, DISTILLERS AND BOTTLERS. 

Ever since the introduction of lager beer into this city, some 
forty years ago, Lancaster has been famous for the manufacture of 
this beverage, and its beer has had reputation in all parts of the 
State. Although for a time this class of manufacture seemed to be 
here conducted with abated success, both brewing and bottling are 
now carried on to a large extent, with renewed energy and increas- 
ing demand for Lancaster beer. There are now here five beer 
breweries — those of Casper Koehler, Frank A. Rieker, A. Sprenger, 
C. V. Wacker & Bro., and Joseph Haefner — and one ale brewer, 
L. Knapp ; together with six bottling establishments. Of 54,999)^ 
barrels of beer annually made in this revenue district, and of a total 
of 20,144 brewed in Lancaster County, 18,424 are the product of 
Lancaster City breweries. The industry in Lancaster aggregate^ 
an investment of $250,000 capital; 70 employes; $20,000 wages; 
$140,000 raw materials consumed, and about $220,000 product 
annually. 

A New Distillery. — In the earlier days, when no government 
restrictions nor revenue regulations were imposed on the distilling 
of spirituous liquors, and it was one of the ordinary avocations of 
agricultural life, Lancaster County abounded with still houses. The 
clearances from the various ports along the "Conestoga Navigation," 
when that system of inland improvements afforded to Lancaster 
water transportation, consisted largely of cargoes of whisky. Of 
late years the manufacture of this commodity has been consolidated 
here in a few large distilleries ; several brands of Lancaster County 
whisky have obtained wide celebrity for peculiar excellence of 
flavor, purity, strength and honesty of compounding. A. B. 
Shaeffer, one of the largest dealers in the city, is now erecting near 
"the Groffstown Spring," in the East End, between Orange and 
Chestnut streets and just outside the city limits, a new distillery, 
to be known as "Old Point Comfort Distillery," for the manufac- 
ture of pure rye whisky, and with a capacity of from 150 to 200 
bushels of grain per day. The numerous fine springs in the vicinity 
of Lancaster, the rich yield of grain, the historic fame of Lancaster 
County whisky and other favorable conditions, combine to make 
it an advantageous location for the distilling of pure liquors. 



72 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

GRAIN EXCHANGE, FLOUR MILLS AND BAKERIES. 

The Millers' and Grain Dealers' Exchange of Lancaster City 
and County has rooms in Kepler's post-office building, and every 
Monday the representatives of the flour, feed and grain interests 
of the county assemble there for conference and exchange. Vast 
amounts of corn are shipped hither from the West for stock feed- 
ing, and Lancaster County furnishes large quantities of flour for 
the city markets ; so that the activity of agents for the Western 
dealers on the one hand, and of buyers and commission merchants 
from the city on the other, contribute to a busy exchange. Ranck's 
grist mill, above Witmer's Bridge, and Abr. Buckwalter's, near 
Graeff"'s Landing, are very near the city limits ; but the most ex- 
tensive flouring operation in the immediate vicinity is that of Levan 
& Sons, office No. 17 North Prince street, whose roller mill on the 
Conestoga, just below the last point where the stream touches the 
city, is one of the foremost mills of the State. In the improvements 
of machinery it has kept pace with the most rapid advances of 
science and invention. Its $110,000 of annual product is sold at 
home, in Philadelphia and a considerable part of it is shipped to 
the West Indies. 

Bakeries. — With a splendid yield of wheat and numerous mills 
close to the city, the industry of bread, cake, cracker and pretzel 
baking flourishes, and 52 establishments of the kind represent about 
^50,000 capital; the employment of not less than 100 hands; 
^20,000 wages; the consumption of $75,000 raw material, and a 
product of $125,000 largely sold in the home market, over the 
counter, on the market stalls and delivered by wagons. The Lan- 
caster pretzel has great celebrity, and is sold not only in all the 
cities of Pennsylvania, but is shipped very extensively through 
central and western New York and other states. 

PAPER MILLS. 

Important industries adjacent to the city are the paper mills at 
Slackwater, five miles down the Conestoga ; and the extensive 
" Beltonford " operation at Binkley's Bridge, on the same stream 
above the city. J. Symington & Co., operating the Beltonford 
Mill, with the main office in this city, is a firm composed of J. 
Symington, a practical mechanic ; P. T. Watt and James Shand, of 
the well-known dry goods firm of Watt & Shand, and Chas. A. 
Fon Dersmith, cashier of the Farmers' National Bank. From jute 
they manufacture fine manilla, envelope and'drawing paper; and 




AT BUCHANANS OLD HOME. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 73 

have been eminently successful in the establishment and prosecution 
of their business. The mill is run almost continually day and night 
to meet large orders and to punctually fill contracts ahead. The 
present machinery turns out from 5,000 to 6,000 pounds of manilla 
paper every twenty-four hours. 8,000 pounds of jute, 500 pounds 
of chloride of lime, 17 bushels of quicklime and a considerable 
amount of chemicals are used daily. The power is obtained from 
two turbine wheels of a joint capacity of 80 horse-power and an 
engine of 140 horse-power. Although the Beltonford Mill is not 
situated most favorably for railroad facilities, the prosperity attend- 
ing the present operation is another i)roof of Lancaster's advan- 
tageous location. It has attracted the attention of capitalists and 
manufacturers in the same line ; several like projects are in con- 
templation, and there is reason to expect the erection withm a short 
period of other paper mills in or adjoining the city. 

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURES. 

Gas, Electric Light and Power — The Arc and Incandescent 
Light Companies of the city, with their appliances; and the Gas 
Light and Fuel Company, reaching to every section, all have their 
plants located within the city limits and represent an investment 
of over $250,000, actively engaged in the supply of light for public 
and private, street, business and domestic lighting, and of electric 
power for machinery. They employ over 40 men and consume 
large quantities of coal and other material. 

The successful introduction into numerous establishments of 
electric motor power, and the application upon favorable rates of 
this new appliance to light and heavy machinery, have furnished 
Lancaster with new focilities for the kind of manufactures to which 
it offers so many other inducements. The company furnishing 
electric motors undertakes to supply in any quantity from one-half 
to ten horse-power, and to adjust its rates to regular, continuous or 
occasional operation as may be desired ; its prices vary from $4.00 
per month for the occasional running of one-half horse-power to 
;g7o.oo per month for the continuous operation, ten hours per day, 
often horse-power motors. 

Chemicals and Medicines. — The Lancaster Chemical Works, for 
tbe manufacture of chemicals and fertilizers, have been recently 
established and incorporated ; their operations are carried on in 
new buildings along the Manheim turnpike, just outside of the 
city limits, with the business ofifice here. They manufacture an 



74 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

annual product of $25,000 and employ six hands. Dr. B. H. 
Kauffman & Co. manufacture and sell largely of horse and cattle 
powders. Quite a number of the local druggists make special pro- 
prietary medicines which have wide fame and sale. The pharma- 
cists of Lancaster, as a body, have maintained and even improved 
upon the high reputation of their forefathers and predecessors for 
notable skill in the compounding of prescriptions and the handling 
of drugs. Several manufactures of bitters are in operation in this 
city. 

Jezvelry. — Besides the retail and wholesale jewelry trade, which 
supports a number of prosperous business concerns, and the manu- 
facture of watch movements by the Keystone Watch Company, 
most of the local jewelers manufacture in their line. Edw. J. 
Zahm, manufacturer of Masonic marks and jewels, society marks, 
badges, pins and diamond work; and Bischoff & Engelhardt, 
makers of marks and stone goods, have extended the trade for 
Lancaster manufactures into New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
Michigan, Iowa, Kansas and the South. 

Umbrella Manufacture. — The manufacture of umbrellas is an in- 
dustry of recent establishment here that has been developed by 
Rose Bros. & Hartman. They import largely of the famous 
"Gloria" cloth from Europe; give " employment to about 40 
hands, and are rapidly extending their trade to all parts of the 
United States. 

Paper Boxes. — The industry of paper box making engages three 
local establishments, giving employment to 25 hands and selling 
its product at home and abroad. 

Brick Making Machines. — Henry Martin, of Lancaster, is the in- 
ventor and patentee of machinery for making bricks and of accom- 
panying devices in the same line, upon the constant improvement 
of which he has been engaged for over twenty-five years. These 
machines, with their trucks, pallet racks, barrows, moulds, etc., 
— having a capacity practically limited only by the facilities for 
feeding the clay and bearing off the bricks — have superseded the 
old hand processes and reduced the price of building material. 
They are in operation here ; and large quantities of them are 
made at the works, in connection with Blickenderfer's foundry and 
variety shops, for shipment to the different sections of LTnited 
States, to Canada, England and other foreign countries, in which 
they have almost revolutionized the industry of brick-making. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 75 

Lancaster has a soap factory and chandlery of well-established 
reputation. Famous Lancaster candies are sold all over eastern 
Pennsylvania. Two glue factories do a large trade with outside 
towns. Its tailors and clothiers supply a wide demand, and hundreds 
of United States Regular Army officers and West Point cadets have 
their best uniforms made in this city. Francis Hiemenz's shoe 
manufactory, at No. 50'/^ North Queen street, gives employment 
to many hands and sells its product throughout the State. 

Three establishments, devoted chiefly to floriculture, have met a 
constantly increasing local demand for flowers; roses and other pro- 
ducts of the hot-house are sent to many adjoining towns, and even 
shipped regularly to Southern and Western States. 

Anthony Iske, a most prolific and ingenious inventor of electrical 
appliances, and of other convenient articles, manufactures his own 
patents, individually and in association with others. Jacob Hatz, 
a skilled electrician, has of late years erected many new electric 
devices in the city. 

In the great variety of Lancaster's manufactured product, are to 
be comprehended also awnings, steam-cookers, baskets, bed springs, 
brushes and brooms, cigar-makers' tools, buckets and barrels, shirts, 
water-wheels, and a large variety of other small wares. 

The industrial activity of Lancaster takes a wide range in all the 
arts which contribute to the domestic necessities and comforts of 
life ; and which from their nature find their patronage at home. 
Under this general head may be grouped thirty-four barber shops ; 
twenty blacksmith shops ; dress-makers and milliners; a half-hun- 
dred shoe-makers; twelve boss bricklayers; forty-three butchers ; 
thirty candy-makers and confectioners ; coopers, tailors and tinkers ; 
marble-masons and stonecutters ; millwrights and painters, and a 
great variety and number of artisans and mechanics, whose handi- 
craft and skill constitute their chief capital. 

The number and variet)- here set forth, indicating the wide range 
of adaptation, is no less an exposition of the actual existing indus- 
tries of the city than of its greater possibilities in the same direction. 
Experience has demonstrated the practicability of establishing this 
variety and the profit of their operation. The commercial interests 
of Lancaster are on such a solid basis that any new legitimate manu- 
facturing concern will find advantages of locating here not to be met 
with anywhere else ; and it was to set these forth fully and to jniblish 
them broadly that the Board of Trade in the main was organized. 



7H RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



CHAPTER VI, 



THE BOARD OF TRADE. 

Its Organization and its Objects — Plans of Public Improvements — 
New Manufacturing Enterprises — Lancaster's Pre-eminent Advan- 
tages — Reasons for Locating Manufactures in Lancaster — A Number 
of New Industries Likely to be Soon Established — Offers of Free 
Ground for Factory Sites — Organized Aid to New Industries. 

FOR some years there has been a growing feehng in the city of 
Lancaster that its rapid increase of wealth and commercial 
importance, the erection of so many new and comfortable 
residences, projected water works improvements, cheap rents, low 
taxes, rapid decrease of public indebtedness, abundant food sup- 
plies, well-stocked and low-priced markets, excellent sanitary con- 
ditions and many other advantages, warranted the attraction hither 
of new industrial enterprise, which would find at hand an abun- 
dance of cheap and willing labor. < 

Recognizing the power of association and of organization, the 
public-spirited business-men, manufacturers and representatives of 
the different professions of Lancaster, to the number of nearly two 
hundred,* have organized the Lancaster Board of Trade, with John 
C. Hager, of the old dry goods house of Hager Bros., as its Presi- 
dent. The Board has leased and furnished a beautiful suite of 
rooms in Eshleman's Law Building, on North Duke street, which 
are open day and night, and are well supplied with commercial and 
current periodicals. Here the monthly meetings of the Board and 
its weekly committee meetings are held ; in the public hall, on the 
tliird floor of the same building, are held monthly popular meetings, 
at which one or more addresses are made by members assigned to a 
topic of interest, afterwards opened to general discussion. The 
themes thus far treated have been : " The Town We Live In ; What 
It Has, and What It Wants," by W. U. Hensel; " Non-Partisan 
Municipal Government," by Hon. J. P. Wickersham, L. L. D.; 
" How Best to Induce Manufacturers to Locate Here, and How 

*See Appendix : List of Board of Trade Members. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 77 

Best to Aid Struggling Industries Already With Us," by Capt. Geo. 
M. Franklin. The themes thus set forth and the discussions 
evoked, have created an unwonted degree of popular interest ; and 
a number of like topics are to be presented for consideration in this 
way. By such means and by the employment of all the agencies 
at its command, the Board, "composed of persons who are inter- 
ested in the prosperity of the city," proposes to fulfill the pur- 
poses of its existence, viz : "The advancement of the commercial, 
manufacturing and all the material interests of the City of Lancas- 
ter. " 

LANCASTER'S ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURES. 

In addition to the creation, promotion and maintenance of a 
sound public spirit — that which is satisfied to enhance the indi- 
vidual advantage through the public welfare — the Lancaster Board 
of Trade is engaged in formulating organized plans for bringing to 
the notice of manufacturers and those seeking locations for indus- 
trial enterprises the pre-eminent advantages offered by Lancaster 
for such interests. 

These may be briefly summarized as follows : 

(i). Advantages of location ; in the centre of a rich and popu- 
lous district; immediate local market of 150,000 population, all 
within easy reach ; numerous small towns in the county, and ready 
communication with them. 

(2). Abundant railroad communication; on the main line of the 
Pennsylvania railroad company, and on the Philadelphia and 
Reading system ; near to the seaboard cities and coal fields ; with 
various local hnesand the prospect of an early connection with the 
Baltimore and Ohio. 

(3). Abundance of ground for fit manufacturing sites ; and the 
offer free, by a number of land owners, of double the requirements 
for new manufacturing buildings. 

(4). Good water, large supply, promise of an early increase both 
of pumpage and storage, cheaper rates and excellent quality; 
abundance of light, gas and electric, competing companies ; 
special rates for gas fuel and electric power. 

(5). Low taxes ; good public buildings ; rapid decrease of county 
and municipal debt. 

(6). Agreeable and comfortable social conditions ; elevated do- 
mestic life; good churches; cheap private and excellent free 



78 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

schools, free collegiate education ; abundance of good dwellings 
and low rents ; profuse and cheap markets. 

(7). Commercial prosperity ; solid banks, good stores and pub- 
lic spirited tradesmen. 

(8). Cheap and abundant labor ; intelligent, well-behaved and 
orderly working men and working women; adaptations of labor to 
varied light industries. 

(9). The extraordinary variety of existing industrial establish- 
ments, showing the versatility and ready adaptation of the popula- 
tion to new forms of labor. 

(10). Unusual healthfulness and exceptionally low death rate ; 
good sewerage, cleanliness and sanitary conditions. 

(11). Cheapness of building materials. 

(12). Protection from fire and exceptionally low insurance rates. 

(13). Hospitality of the people; liberality and co-operation 
from business men ; practical assistance from the organized Board 
of Trade. 

PRACTICAL RESULTS OF THE NEW BUSINESS LIFE. 

That these considerations have been finding lodgment in the 
minds of persons on the lookout for the location of industrial 
works is already manifest. In his recent admirable address before 
the Board, Capt. Geo. M. Franklin, Chairman of the Committee 
on Manufactures, said that one of the large manufacturing interests 
of the country, located in another State, whose business was thor- 
oughly established, successful and growing, required larger build- 
ings ; at their present location they are surrounded by valuable 
property and could not secure suitable ground. The labor troubles 
there had a strong influence in inducing them to remove. They 
visited a number of towns on a tour of inspection, and were best 
pleased with Lancaster. They propose that the people of the city 
should erect a building and furnish power at an estimated cost of 
$50,000, and lease it to them for ten years at a fair interest on the 
cost, with the privilege of purchase at cost any time during the 
term of the lease. They promised to put into it $50,000 worth of 
machinery, to bring with them several hundred skilled laborers, and 
to employ as many more here, altogether about six hundred. 

A similar communication has been received from a woolen mill, 
employing six or seven hundred hands, principally girls, which 
requires a building to cost $50,000, asking for a loan of that amount 
to be secured by mortgage covering building and machinery ; also 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 79 

letters from persons proposing to manufacture fire apparatus, 
patented hardware articles, upholstery goods, engines to use kero- 
sene, adjustable shoe heels, etc. 

It has been noticed that the firm of Oblinger Brothers & Co., 
extensive cigar manufacturers and leaf tobacco dealers of Philadel- 
phia, have rented buildings in Lancaster to locate a very large 
factory here. It is in contemplation by a company organizing in 
Philadelphia for the manufacture of hinges, locks, bolts and all 
kinds of shelf hardware to find a site in this city also ; and various 
enterprises are prospecting in the city and on its outskirts for suit- 
able locations. 

OFFERS OF FREE GROUND. 

Owners of the large tracts of well-situated and yet unoccupied 
grounds in different parts of the city and adjoining its limits have 
caught the spirit of enterprise and liberality ; and a number of them 
come forward, through the Board of Trade, and offer a sufficient 
quantity of ground for the necessary buildings for any well-ap- 
proved new enterprise. M. L. Herr, who has a large tract in the 
eastern part of the city, opposite the present site of the jail and of 
the reservoirs, makes such an offer. Jno. C. Hager, owner of exten- 
sive groimds in the West End, agrees to donate by deed, clear of 
all incumbrance, for any new enterprise, on order of the Real Estate 
Committee of the Lancaster Board of Trade, two plots of land, 
in size double the area of buildings to be erected thereon, to be 
used for any unobjectionable manufactures, employing not less than 
one hundred hands each ; building to be erected on said plot to be 
of no less character than two-story brick. No. i. plot located on 
First street, between Coral and Ruby streets. No. 2. plot located 
on Second street, between College and West End avenues. This 
offer to be binding at any time prior to July ist, 1887, unless the 
Real Estate Committee is otherwise notified. A number of other 
land owners are known to be like-minded, and any well-considertd 
manufacturing enterprise that makes early application will find 
ready response. 

AID TO NEW ENTERPRISES. 

There has also been organized, as the outgrowth of discussion in 
the Board of Trade, a company called " The Lancaster Improve- 
ment Company,"* formed of leading business men of the city, and 
under management of the following named directors : Jno. C. Hager, 

*See cover pages of this volume 



80 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

George M. F'ranklin, C. A. Fon Dersmith, J. P. Wickersham, J. 
Fred Sener, J. D. Skiles, J. W. B. Bausman and R. A. Evans. 
The Company has a substantial capital and the purpose of increas- 
ing it whenever expedient. Its busmess will be to procure avail- 
able sites, erect fit buildings and furnish adequate steam power to 
manufacturers who propose to locate in Lancaster. The design is 
to lease these for, say, ten years, at a moderate percentage of their 
cost, and the lessees to have the privilege of purchasing the property, 
at cost, any time during the continuance of the lessee. 

This may be extended to any unemployed, unoccupied or super- 
fluous buildings in the city, or to existing industries whose extension 
will be advantageous. 



By such organized efforts as these, the manufacturing interests of 
a city that has already attained great commercial importance and 
stability, are to be enlarged and quickened with new life. The 
membership of the Board of Trade, pledged to the promotion of 
this object, affords a guarantee that every well-devised plan and 
project to further it will be liberally backed and heartily sup- 
ported. With new facilities for trade promised in every direction, the 
certain future of Lancaster is hardly to be measured even by its 
prosperous past. Rapid as have been its strides within the two de- 
cades now closing, the next generation will see an enlargement of 
its manufacturing interests commensurate with its commercial im- 
portance. Long ere the time will have come for the celebration of 
its bi-centennial the present city will have grown to a population of 
100,000 ; and Lancaster will have become not only the centre of 
trade, of a wide reaching railroad system, and the mart of agricul- 
tural exchanges, but the seat of manifold industrial activities and 
of great manufacturing prosperity.* 

* " Convenient to the Anthracite Coal beds, situated in a most magnificent 
agricultural region, with inexhaustiljle deposits of valuable minerals — as iron 
ore, coiiper, chrome, lead, limestone, &c. — these advantages, added to her close 
proximity to the sea-board and a superabundance of idle capital, where is the 
obstacle between her and future greatness and prosperity ? " — Eli Boiveii's Pic- 
torial Sketch Book of Pennsylvania {/Sjj.) 



L 




Appendix. 



A.— THE CONESTOGA WATER. 

IT has been stated (see "The Water Supply," p. 12), that the 
Lancaster City water works take their supply from the Cones- 
toga, a stream capable of furnishing 100,000,000 gallons per day 
at the present site of pumping. While the foregoing pages were pass- 
ing through the press, and almost contemporaneously with the fiftieth 
anniversary of the introduction of water into Lancaster*, a propo- 
sition was submitted to the electors of the city, at the regular munici- 
pal election, Tuesday, February 15, 1887, to determine by their votes 
the approval or rejection of a city loan of 5125,000, to be expended 
upon new sewers for drainage and an improved water supply. 

This submission to vote was rendered necessary by the fact that 
in calculating that constitutional limit of the city debt, beyond 
which councils can not increase it without popular permission, the 
amount of city loan in the sinking fund, $266,958.06 — represent- 
ing bonds that are practically paid — is counted as existing debt. 

The new loan was approved by a decided majority ; and, as soon 
as the most practicable scheme has been devised and agreed upon, 
measures will be executed for the construction of proper drainage 
for the northeastern part of the city, emptying at some point in 
the Conestoga below that from which the water for the city is 
taken ; and also for an increased supply, enlarged storage, better 
filtration and generally improved quality of the water. All of 
these considerations will be of new and large advantage to house- 
holders and manufacturers. 

Acting under instruction of Councils, Mayor W. A. Morton, on 
February 26, purchased for $21,980, the Ranck Mill property, 

* After fifteen years of discussion, projection and construction, water was in- 
troduced into the city February 22, 1837. Twenty-two subscribers, aggregating 
i5i 87.96 water rents, paid up to April i, 1838. The second reservoir was buill 
in 1 85 1. The third era in water works improvements will date from 1887. 



82 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

water rights, >S:c., on the Conestoga, east of the city, and the next 
water power on the stream above the present location of the City 
Water Works. By this purchase the city acciuires on the west 
side of the creek a large four-story brick flouring mill, furnished 
with first-class machinery throughout, in good running order, one of 
the finest water powers in the state, over thirteen acres of land, a 
dwelling house, barn, sheds, wagon house, &c.; on the east side of 
the Conestoga, opposite the mill, in East Lampeter township, a tract 
of land containing sixteen acres, with the old mill, tenement 
houses and a complete two-story brick dwelling house and other 
improvements. Whatever form the new water works and sewerage 
improvements may take, under efficient engineering direction, the 
property thus acquired will be an invaluable asset to the city. 

FREE FROM DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES. 

Meantime, however, it is satisfactory to observe that the analysis 
of twenty different waters taken from hydrants, wells and cisterns of 
Lancaster, made in 1884, by Prof. Thomas R. Baker, then analytical 
chemist at the State Normal School, Millersville, satisfied him 
"that most of the Lancaster waters which were examined are up to 
a high standard of purity, and that some of them are remarkably 
fine ; and it is a fact worthy of notice, as shown by the results, that 
the common hydrant water is by far the softest, and, so far as or- 
ganic purity is concerned, one of the best waters of Lancaster." 
That analysis showed that water drawn from the hydrant contained 
in 1,000,000 parts .013 of free ammonia and .055 of albuminoid 
ammonia; of chlorine (grains in a gallon) .t,^ and of solids 10.43; 
degrees of hardness, 7.34. 

Prof. Baker, in his remarks accompanying his analysis, said : "A 
water to be considered good should not yield more than .10 part in 
1,000,000 of this product [albuminoid ammonia] ; if the amount 
exceeds .15 the water should be condemned for drinking or culi- 
nary purposes." Of the twenty samples analyzed by Prof. Baker 
only three approached the dangerous point of an excess of am- 
monia. The samples of these were taken from wells, and not from 
reservoir water. In the elements of purity and wholesomeness the 
Conestoga water is vastly superior to that of some neighboring 
cities which are claimed to be "exceptionally pure." 

In February, 1887, Mr. C. A. Heinitsh took a sample of Cones- 
toga water from his hydrant and submitted it for analysis to Prof. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 83 

Henry F. Bitner, the successor of Prof. Baker, at Millersville, who 
was also furnished with a sample of water from the Lititz Spring, 
generally regarded as of a high standard of purity. Following are 
the results of the analyses : 

Hydrant water (grains per gallon), solids 14., chlorine .35, de- 
grees of hardness 7., free ammonia (parts per million) .05, and 
albuminoid ammonia .03. 

Lititz Big Spring, solids 10., chlorine 0.25, degrees of hardness 
9., free ammonia .00, and albuminoid ammonia .03. 

Prof. Bitner supi)lements the analysis with the remark that "the 
Lititz water seems to be the purest. It has less chlorine and no 
free ammonia. It was, however, not fair to make a comparison 
between the two waters at this time for the following reasons : 

" I. Unpolluted springs, and wells contain less free ammonia 
during the winter than during any other season of the year. This 
is occasioned by the absence of all vegetable growth and decay. 

" 2. Surface waters always contain more free ammonia after a 
rain. The ammonia, however, in this case comes from the atmos- 
phere, and is not an evidence of impurities. 

" The sample of hydrant water sent me was taken from the hy- 
drant a day or two after a heavy rain, which melted the snow and 
filled the Conestoga with rain, melted snow and earth held in solu- 
tion. 

" An analysis made when the creek is at its normal height would 
probably show more chlorine, more hardness, but less free am- 
monia and less solids." 



84 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

B.— METEOROLOGICAL. 

Mr. B. Bauman, of this city, has kept an accurate record, from 
his own personal observations, of the temperature in Lancaster every 
morning, noon and evening, for the past eleven years; and of the 
rain-fall from April i to December i of each year in the same pe- 
riod. From his report are taken the following : 

Rain-Fall. 

April I to December i, 1876 34 inches. 

" 1877 35.75 " 

" " 1878 27.25 " 

" " 1879 26 " 

'< 1880 25.75 " 

" " 1881 19.55 " 

" " 1882 27.45 " 

" 1883 38.10 " 

" " 1884 29.49 " 

" " 1885 29.99 " 

" 1886 28.70 « 

Average 29.28 inches. 

The heaviest rain-fall in a single month was 11.34 inches in June^ 
1883; the lightest, .04 in September, 1884. 

Temperature. 

The coldest days of this period were Friday, January 5, 1877, 
Avhen at 6 a. m. the mercury stood at 8° below zero, Farenheit ; 
Tuesday, January 5, 1878, 7 below; Friday, January 3, 1879 (^ 
p. M.), 8 below; Thursday, December 30, 1881, 11 below; Friday, 
December 31, 1881, 22 below; Friday, January i, 1882, 18 below; 
Thursday, January 17, 1884, 12 below; and from January 12 to 
15, 1886, it ranged from 3 to 10 below; February 4 and 5 of the 
same year saw it 7 below. 

The notably hot days of this period were Thursday, July 18, 
1878, when at 12 o'clock noon the thermometer recorded 100** 
above zero, Farenheit; Saturday, August 31, i88i, 100; Wednes- 
day, September 7, i88r, loi ; Thursday, September 8, 1881, 100; 
Tuesday, July 21, 1885, 10 1. 

Such extremes, however, have been of very rare occurrence, and 
seldom does Lancaster experience lower temperature than 10 above 
zero or warmer weather than 95 above. 

For no continuous week in all these eleven years has the summer 
temperature recorded at high noon been as high as 88, or the win- 
ter temperature, taken at 6 a. m. been as low as 14 (above) on the 
seven consecutive days. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 85 

C— POPULAR PLEASURE GROUNDS. 

The various cemeteries of Lancaster, with their collection of 
monumental marbles, their tasteful lots, rich foliage and variegated 
shrubbery, are popular places of resort ; the flower-gemmed mead- 
ows and picturesque hill sides of the Conestoga, in its serpentine 
windings for miles around the city, afford pleasure walks for thou- 
sands; a broad expanse of cultivated acres, fair as the average city 
park and almost as free to the rambler, leads off in every direction ; 
and drives for many miles traverse scenes of varied beauty. But 
there is strong popular impulse for the establishment upon a large 
scale, either within or near the city limits, of a park for the people ; 
and several liberal plans for such a beneficent institution have been 
projected. 

Outlying the city, along the banks of the Conestoga, Tell's 
Hain, What Glen, Rocky Springs and other pleasure grounds are 
close at hand; the famous resorts of Lititz Springs, Ephrata Moun- 
tain, York Furnace, Wild Cat, Mt. Gretna and Penryn on the sum- 
mit of the Furnace Hills, Chickies Rock, and other picnic grounds 
are brought within the reach of daily railroad excursions in season. 
The battlefield of Gettysburg, the most notable and best marked 
in all the world, is within a few hours ride of Lancaster by a choice 
of two railroad routes. 



86 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



D.— U. S. GOVERNMENT BUSINESS. 

(i). Collected at the office of the Ninth Internal Revenue Dis- 
trict, John T. MacGonigle Collector, fiscal year ending June 30, 
1886: 

Tax on Distilled Spirits, $ 203,741.91 

" Tobacco, 1,189,915.27 

" Fermented Liquors, 54.873-43 

Other Collections, 70-34 

Total, $1 ,448,600.96 



(2). Operations of the Lancaster Post Office, H. E. Slaymaker, 
postmaster, for a twelvemonth : 

Money Order Division. 

Receipts. 

Domestic Money Orders issued, ^65,457.84 

International Orders issued, 4,109.44 

Disbursements. 

Domestic Orders paid, 98,585,68 

International Orders paid, 1,307.77 

Registered Letter Division. 

Registered Letters in Transit, 3.388 

Registered Letters for City Delivery, 3.680 

Registered Letters sent from City, 4,416 

Total amount of Matter Registered, 11.484 

Carriers' Division. 

Mailed Letters received and Delivered, 945.594 

Papers, &c.. Received and Delivered, 577,466 

Mailed Postal Cards Received and Delivered, 176,565 

Letters Collected, 322,626 

Papers, &c.. Collected, 100,298 

Postal Cards Collected, 72,825 

Stamp and Envelope Division. 

Amount Received from Stamps, Stamped Envelopes, 

Wrappers, &c., 133.929-74 

Amount Paid U. S., over all expenses for Sal- 
aries, Rents, &c., $17,818.41, 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



87 



E.— LANCASTER'S NATIONAL BANKS. 

The following abstracts, made up from the last sworn and official 
reports to the Treasury department, by the five national banks of 
the city now doing business, exhibit their respective conditions on 
December 28, 1886, and make a fair average presentation 01 
the same. To these are to be added, as stated in the body 
of this work, the People's National, just organized, with a 
capital of $200,000; and the well-known banking houses of 
Reed, McGrann & Co. and D. P. Locher & Sons, with large capi- 
tals, in addition to the personal responsibility of their proprietors. 
Their capital, resources and transactions would swell the total capital 
of Lancaster engaged in banking to over $1,700,000, the surplus 
to §750,000, deposits to over $2,800,000, and total resources to 
about $5,500,000 : 



FARMERS' NATIONAL BANK. 
Jacob Bausman, President. C. A. Fon Dersmith, Cashier. 



RESOURCES. 

Loans and discounts $1,018,126.26 

Overdrafts 11.26 

U.S. Bonds to secure circulation 150,000.00 

U. S Bonds to secure deposits,. 100,000.00 

Due from approved reserve agts 138,250.17 

Due from other National Banks, 53,865.50 
Real Estate and Safe Deposit 

Vault, 35,000.00 

Current expenses and taxes paid i ,321.34 

Checks and other cash items,... 7,406.08 

Bills of other Banks, 21,298.00 

Fract'I paper currency, nickels 

and pennies 216.25 

Trade dollars, 10,745 00 

Specie, 38,808.50 

Legal tender notes, 47,965.00 

Redemption fund of U S. Treas- 
urer (^5 per ct. of circulation),. 6,750.00 

Total Ii, 629, 763 36 



LIABILITIES 

Capital Stock paid in 1450,000.00 

Surplus fund 200,000,00 

Undivided Profits, 55,664.52 

National Bank Notes outstand- 
ing 135,000.00 

Dividends unpaid, 14,680.50 

Individual deposits subject to 

check, 640,645.42 

Demand certificates of deposit, 6,824.27 

United States deposits, 73.755-40 

Deposits o( U. S. disbursing 

otlicers 4,845.82 

Due to other National Banks,... 48,170.86 

Due to State Banks and bankers 176.57 



Total $1,629,763.36 



88 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



LANCASTER COUNTY NATIONAL BANK. 
C. B. Herr, President. F. H. Breneman, Cashier. 



RESOURCES. 



Loans and discounts, $848,42820 

Overdrafts 92.02 

V. S. Bonds to secure circulation 50,000.00 
Due from approved reserve agts 92,816.94 
Due from other National Banks 36,064.80 
Due from State Banksand Bank- 
ers, 26,868.96 

Real estate, furniture and fix- 
tures, 35.55820 

Current expenses and taxes paid 1,086.57 

Checks and other cash items,... 849.30 

Bills of other banks, 1,762.00 

Fract'l paper currency, nickels 

and cents 223.11 

Trade dollars, 6,875.00 

Specie, 32.975-35 

Legal tender notes 28,940.00 

Redemption fund with U S. 
Treasurer (5 per cent, of cir- 
culation), 2,250.00 

Total, $1,164,790.45 



LIABILITIES. 



Capital Stock paid in $ 300,000.00 

Surplus Fund, 170,00000 

Undivided Profits, 39,300.62 

National Bank Notes outstand- 
ing 45,000.00 

Dividends unpaid 3,325-50 

Individual deposits subject to 

check 569,84640 

Demand certificates of deposit, 1,151.00 
Due to other National Banks,.. 32,930.81 
Due to State Banks and Bank- 
ers 3,236.12 



Total, $1,164,790.45 



FIRST NATIONAL BANK. 
N. Milton Woods, President, Henry C. Harner, Cashier 



RESOURCES. 



Loans and discounts, $338,701.99 

Overdrafts 152. 11 

U. S. Bonds to secure circulation, 210,000.00 

U S. Bonds on hand 16,000.00 

Other stocks, bonds and mort- 
gages 48,226.90 

Due from approved reserve agts. 31,421.39 

Due from other National Banks,. 18,464.69 

Real estate, furniture and fixtures 20,825.00 

Current expenses and taxes paid, 963.58 

Premiums paid, 1,5495° 

Checks and other cash items, 1,822 63 

Bills of other Banks, 7,105.00 

Fract'al paper currency, nickels 

and pennies, 65.98 

Trade dollars, 3,45200 

Specie 30,840.25 

Legal tender notes 5,000.00 

Redemption Fund with U. S. 
Treasurer (5 per cent, of circu- 
lation) , 9,450.00 

Total 4734,041 02 



liabilities. 



Capital stock paid in, $210,000.00 

Surplus fund, 42,000.00 

Undivided Profits 37,65550 

National Bank Notes outstanding 187,850.00 

Dividends unpaid, 6,415.00 

Individual dep't subject to check 225,786.70 
Demand certificates of deposit,... 1,335 "O 
Due to other National Banks 22,998.82 



Total $734,041.02 




FULTON OPERA HOUSE 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



89 



FULTON NATIONAL BANK. 
Jno. R. Bitner, President. John Hertzler, Cashier. 



RESOURCES. 



LIABILITIES. 



Loans and discounts 1598,934.12 

Overdrafts 5.00 

U. S. Bonds to secure circulation, 50,000.00 
Other stocks, bonds and mortg's 5,000.00 
Due from approved reserve a^ts, 35,062 48 
Due from other National Banks,. 21,702.15 
Due from State Banks and Bank- 
ers, 895.71 

Real estate, furniture and fixtures 31,000.00 

Current expenses and taxes paid, 4,218.80 

Premiums paid, 7,900.00 

Checks and other cash items, 8,244.92 

Bills of other Banks 765.00 

Fract'al papei currency, nickels 

and pennies 1,120.84 

Trade dollars 15-350.53 

Specie, 40,891.75 

Legal tender notes, 8,633.00 

Redemption Fund with II. S. 
Treasurer (5 per cent, of circu- 
lation), 2,250.00 

Total, $831,97430 



Capital stock paid in, $200,000.00 

Surplus fund, 50,000.00 

llndivided Profits, 24,001.12 

National Bank Notes outstanding 45,000.00 

Dividends unpaid, 816.00 

Individual deposits subject to 

check, 497,059.20 

Demand certificates of deposit,... 5,094 80 

Due to other National Banks, 9,107.87 

Due to State Banks and Bankers, 895.31 



Total, $831,974-30 



NORTHERN NATIONAL BANK. 
J. Fred'k Skner, President. John C. Carter, Cashier. 



RESOURCES. 



LIABILITIES. 



Loans and discounts, $278,700.34 

Overdrafts 198.79 

U. S. Bonds to secure circulation, 50,000.00 

Due from approved reserve agts. 20,6i2.aS 

Due from other National Banks,.. 2,612.08 

Real estate, furniture and fixtures 22,550.00 

Current expenses and taxes paid, 686.05 

Premiums paid, 9,300.00 

Checks and other cash items 2,903.58 

Bills of other Banks, 3,315.00 

Fract'al paper currency, nickels 

and cents 135-84 

Trade dollars, 86.00 

Specie 6,662.90 

Legal tender notes 9,500 00 

Redemption Fund with U. S. 
Treasurer (5 per cent, of circu- 
lation) 2,250.00 

Due from U. S. Treasurer, other 

than 5 per ct. redemption fund, 100.00 

Total $409,612.66 



Capital stock paid in, $200,000.00 

Surplus fund, 10,000.00 

Undivided Profits 2,98466 

National Hank notes outstanding, 45,000.00 
Individual deposits subject to 

check 149,679.50 

Demand certificates of deposit,... S21.52 
Due to State Bank and Bankers,. 1,126.98 



Total $409,612.66 



Total Capital of National Banks, Ji, 560,000.00 

Surplus, 631,606.40 

Loans, 3,082,890 91 

Resources, 4,974,181.79 

Deposits, 2,176,84503 



90 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



F.— BOARD OF TRADE ORGANIZATION. 

Following is the present organization of the Lancaster Board of 
Trade: John C. Hager, President; H. Baumgardner, First Vice 
President ; B. F. Breneman, Second Vice President ; Henry C. 
Moore, Secretary; J. Fred. Sener, Treasurer; R. J. Houston, 
C. A. Heinitsh, Geo. M. Franklin, Trustees. 

Its meetings are held statedly, on the second Tuesday of each 
month, and its committees and their times of weekly meeting are 

as follows : 

Committees. 

Manufactures — Weekly Meeti^zg, Monday Evening. George M. Franklin, 
S. S. Spencer, Wm. D. Sprecher, Wm. B. Middleton, John A. Arnold, Wm. Z. 
Sener, Edw. Eberman. 

Commerce — Wednesday Evening. J. R. Foster, P. T. Watt, Jacob Rathvon, 
Geo. Steinman, John A. Charles, J. B. Martin, Herman Hirsh. 

Real Estate — Monday Evening. John D. Skiles, Moses Geisenberger, John 
F. Griel, Jacob Long, Samuel Burns. 

Railroads and Transportation^6'rf/'«;-rt'rti' Evening. John H. Baumgard- 
ner, J. J. Fitzpatrick, Michael Reilly, Benj. F. Shenk, John I. Hartman. 

Municipal Affairs — Friday Evening. J. P. Wickersham, John A. Hiestand, 
Henry Carpenter, M. L. Herr, Charles S. Foltz. 

Statistics — Thursday Evening. S. T. Davis, Chas. A. Heinitsh, W. U. Hen- 
sel, George N. Reynolds, John F. Reed. 

Publication — Thursday Eveni7ig. C. Rine Baer, H. E. Slaymaker, H. W. 
Hartman. 

Arbitration — Friday Evening. John B. Warfel, Samuel Levan, M. Hab- 
erbush. 

Finance — Jl'ednesday Evening. Robert A. Evans, B. J. McGrann, Charles 
A. Fon Dersmith. 

The list of members will be found on the following pages : 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



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►^ '^ fvT I 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 97 

NEW MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRADE. 

Since the list of Board of Trade members, pages 91—96, was 
compiled, the following persons have associated themselves with the 
organization : 

Elias McMellen, Contractor and Bridge Builder, No. 38 East Vine srreet. 

Joel S. Eaby, Phoenix Cork Works, No. 319-321 Fulton street. 

Frank Griest, Clerk to the County Commissioners, Court House. 

J. P. Stormfeltz, of J. P. Stormfeltz & Sons, Planing Mill, Coal, &c. Nos. 222 
and 224 North Water street. 

John Best, of John Best & Son, Boiler Makers, Engine Builders and Machin- 
ists, No. 333 East Fulton street. 

Walter M. Franklin, Attorney-at-Law, No. 120 East King street. 

Chas. J. White, Confectioner, No. 238 East King street. 

T. B. Holahan, Attorney-at-Law, No. 33 North Duke street. 

Geo. Calder, proprietor Fulton Cotton Mills, Cotton Goods Manufacturer, cor- 
ner Duke and Lemon Streets. 

Charles F. Miller, of Mrs. H. Miller & Son, Soap and Candle Works, and 
Chairman Lancaster Chemical Company, No. 316 South Water street. 



98 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. 

G.— ADDENDA AND CORRECTIONS. 

After the statements of the National Banks of Lancaster, pages 
87, 88 and 89, Part I, had been published a call was made by the 
Controller of the U. S. Treasury for a statement, March 4, 1887. 
The return of this exhibits no material change, except that the 
Farmers' Bank reduces its circulation from ;gi35,ooo to $81,000, 
increases its surplus from $200,000 to $225,000 ; and all the bank- 
ing institutions show steady increase of deposits and earnings in 
the months intervening since the former statement. 

On March 16, the Treasury department authorized the new 
People's National Bank to begin business; audit opened at No. 
152 East King street, with S. H. Reynolds, Esq., president ; Robt. 
A. Evans, vice president ; P. E. Slaymaker, cashier. The corpor- 
ation has purchased the property at Nos. 113 and 115 East Kmg 
street, between the Leopard hotel and Lancaster County house, and 
will soon erect thereon a fine new banking building. 

To the variety of business carried on in Lancaster should be 
added that of Charles T. Steigerwalt, 130 East King, an intelligent 
and enterprising numismatist; and that of S. H. Zahm & Co., 
dealers in old and rare books, prints and historical manuscripts, 18 
and 20 South Queen street. 

Among the founders and workers in brass, page 61, should be 
included John T. Knapp, No. 27 Cherry alley. 

D. H. Kulp & Co.'s manufactory is at No. 117 East Chestnut 
street ; office at 39 East Grant street. 

Ernest Zahm has succeeded E. J. Zahm as manufacturing jeweler, 
Zahm's corner, Centre Square. 

On page3, i)opulation of Kinzers should read "70," instead of 
"770." 

On page 12, last line, read " per " for " ber." 

On page 48, second line, average weight of cattle shipped, read 
" 1,200" pounds for " 1,700." 



Part II. 



SOME REPRESENTATIVE 



BUSINESS INTERESTS 



OF 



LANCASTER, PA. 



1887. 



THE TRADESMEN 



IvANCASTKR. 



THE OLD AND THE NEW. 

The Business of Lancaster Quickened by a Spirit of Progress — Enter- 
prise, Aggression and Energy Reaching Out for New Fields — The 
Men and Firms \A^ho Make the Business Prosperity of the City — 
An Epitome of Its Present Commercial Activity — Illustrations of 
Leading Business Houses and Manufactures. 

NECESSARILY, in a volume of the size to which this must be 
restricted, it is impossible to set forth in detail all the busi- 
ness establishments comprehended in a general view of the 
prosperity of the city. In the foregoing pages it has been attempted 
to give the reader unacquainted with the resources and industries of 
Lancaster some idea of their variety as well as of their extent. It 
has been shown that historical and geographical causes have con- 
duced no little to this versatility of Lancaster enterprise, as well as 
to the measure of success that has attended it. 

The future prospects of the city depend largely and hopefully 
upon the quickening of a new public spirit, which has been mani- 
fested within a comparatively brief period. This has found ex- 
pression in the movement which led to the organization of the 
Board of Trade and the spirit of co-operation therein manifested. 
But it had its foreshadowings in the individual enterprise displayed 
first by one firm or single merchant or manufacturer and then by 
another; and finally communicated from one to another, until slug- 
gishness gave way (o enterprise and conservativism yielded to 
progress. 

The spirit of a business community is to a large extent exhibited 
in the advertisements of its trade ; in nothing has the mercantile 
life of Lancaster been more thoroughly awakened up of late years 



THE TRADESMEN OF LANCASTER. 



than in the methods of advertishig. In the following pages some 
of the leading houses of the city are afforded space to tell their own 
story, and to set forth more particularly the special features of their 
own trade, in numerous instances accompanied by faithful illustra- 
tions of the business places of Lancaster. These pages epitomize 
the commercial and manufacturing activity of a busy, prosperous 
and progressive community, whose wholesale and jobbing business 
is rapidly nearing a million dollars annually ; in which the retail 
trade aggregates four million dollars per annum; handling two 
million dollars worth of leaf tobacco on an average every season, 
and shipping ^2,650,000 of live stock; manufacturing $7,000,- 
000 of annual products in its factories and workshops ; employing 
^1,700,000 of capital in banking, and having $2,800,000 of depos- 
its : 

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Page, 
Part II. 

Amer, Chas. H., Hats, &c., 27 

Arnold & Co., Cork Manufacturers, 41 

Astrich's Palace of Fashion, 13 

Baumgardner, Eberman & Co., Lum- 
ber, II 

Baumgardners & Jefferies, Coal, 10 

Bausman & Burns, Insurance, 42 

Baer's Sons, Books and Stationery, 43 
Best & Son, John, Boilers and En- 
gines, 22 

Binkley, J. L., Groceries, 23 

Blickenderfer, Richard, Foundry,... 14 
Blickenderfer, William, Groceries,.. 54 

Bowman & Musser, Jeweler's Sup- 
plies, 54 

Burger, H., Planing Mill, 58 

Clark, Samuel, Groceries, 12 

Coates' Spool Cotton, 7 

Coho, M. V. B., Lumber and Coal,. 21 

Copland, John, European Hotel, 45 

Cornwall & Lebanon R. R , 57 

Diller & Sons, Isaac, Hardware and 
House- Furnishing, 9 

Doersom, Philip, Carriages, 29 

Edgerley, Edw., Carriages, 61 

Examiner, Printing and Publishing, 66 

Fahnestock, R. E , Dry Goods, 59 

Farmers' National Bank, 49 

First National Bank, 33 



Page, 
Part II. 

Flinn & Breneman, Hardware and 

House-Furnishing, i 

Fon Dersmith, G. L., Books and 

Art Supplies, 24 

Fowler, L. C, Photographer, 32 

Fulton National Bank, 43 

Gansman & Bro., L , Clothing and 

Tailoring, 56 

Gerhart, H., Tailor and Clothier,... 29 

Guthrie & Son, Painters, 12 

Haas, Jno. G., Tailor and Clothier, 31 

Haberbush, M., Saddlery, 50 

Hager & Bros., Dry Goods, 2 

Heinitsh, Chas. A., Drugs, 38 

Heinitsh, John F., Paints and Oils,. 38 

Heinitsh, Walter A., Furniture, 38 

Helvetia Leather Company, 62 

Herr, L. B., Stationery and Books,. 9 
Hiemenz's Shoe Store and Factory, 64 
High & Martin, China and Glass- 
ware, 15 

Hirsh & Bro., Clothing and Furnish- 
ing Goods, 48 

Howell, C. M., Marble Works, 46 

Inquirer, Printing and Publishing 

Company, 35, 36 

Intelligencer, Printing and Publish- 
ing, 52, 53 

Ivison, Blakeman & Co., Publishers, 60 
Keystone Watch Co , 47 



THE TRADESMEN OF LANCASTER. 



INDEX TO ADVEKTISKMEXTS—Conlinucd. 



Page, 
Part II. 

Kepler, A. C , Hardware and House- 
Furnishini;, 48 

Kieffer & Herr, House-Furnishing,. 26 

Killian, Geo. P., Paper Bo.\es, 61 

Kinzler, Fred'k., Shoes 16 

Krauskop, P>ank I.,., Cigar Boxes,.. 56 

Kulp, D. H. & Co , Patents, Ma- 
chinery, 34 

Lancaster Chemical Works, 68 

Lancaster County National Bank,... 21 

Lancaster, Hotel, 63 

Lancaster Knitting Co , 6 

Lancaster Steam Radiator Co., 13 

Landis, Ezra F., Engines and Ma- 
chinery, 58 

Landis, L L, Farm Gates 63 

Levan & Sons, Flour Mill, 55 

Loeb, Julius, Wholesale Notions,... 6 

Locher, Chas. A., Drugs and Medi- 
cines, 19 

Martin, B. B., Coal and Lumber,... 58 
Martin, Henry, Brick Making Ma- 
chines, 20 

Martin & Co., J. B., Dry Goods 25 

Miller & Son, Mrs. H., Soap and 

Candles, 68 

Moss Engraving Co., 59 

Mutual Life Insurance Co. of N. Y., 67 
Myers & Rathvon, Clothing and 

Tailoring, 45 

Nathorst, Dr. H. T., Dentist, 46 

New Era Manufacturing Co., Incu- 
bators, &c., 69 

New Era, Printing and Publish'g, 17, 18 

Northern National Bank, 51 

Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance 

Co, 40 

Owens, S. J., Agent Es^ey Organ,... 70 

Penn Iron Co , 65 

Reed, McGrann & Co , Bankers,... 52 
Rieker, F. A., "Star" Brewery,.... 69 
Rohrer & Brc, A. D., Flowers, 
Plants and Seeds, 62 



Page, 
Part II. 

Rose Bros. & Hartmaii, Umbrellas, 51 
Rosenstein, A. H., Clothing and 

Tailoring 33 

Rife, Jeremiah, Insurance 27 

Rote & Co., C. v.. Blacksmith's Sup- 
plies and Iron Works, 19 

Saylor, B. F., Photographer, 42 

Schaum & Son, Jolin P., Plumbing 

and House-Furnishing, 46 

Shaub & Burns, Shoes, 24 

Shenk & Bausman, Insurance, 32 

Shirk & Sons, H. S., Carpets, 28 

Shroder & Co., F., Cotton Mill, 25 

Skiles & Frey, Leaf Tobacco, 8 

Slaymaker, H. E., Reigart's Old 

Wine Store, 39 

Slaymaker, S. C, Engineer, 46 

Smith, J. L, Maps, 55 

Snyder & Bro., P. C, Notions and 

Millinery, 31 

Sprecher Son & Co., W. D., Farm 

Implements and Seeds, 4 

Sprenger, J. A., Beer Brewery, 34 

Steinman & Co., Geo. M., Hard- 
ware and House-Furnishing, 3 

Stevens House, 26 

Stoner, Shreiner & Co., Hardware 

and House-Furnishing, 50 

Stormfeltz, J. P. & Sons, Planing 

Mill, Coal, &c., 49 

Sturgis, F. O., Planing Mill and 

Building, 28 

Swarr & Co., C. J., Coal, 5 

Symington, J. & Co., Paper, 30 

Watt & Shand, Dry Goods, 44 

Wiant, Geo., Groceries,: 15 

Widmyer, J. H., Cabinetware and 

Undertaking 16 

Williamson & Foster, Gents' Fur- 
nishing and Clothing 37 

Willimantic Spool Cotton, 14 

Wohlsen, Wm., Planing Mill and 

Building 23 

Zahm, Ernest, Manufact'g Jeweler,. 64 



OF THE CITY OK LANCASTER, PA. 



FLINN & BRENEMAN, Contractors for Plumbing and 
Gas Fitting, Heating by Hot Air or Steam, and Dealers in 
House-Furnishing Hardware, 152 North Queen St. 

IN Lancaster, as well as in other communities, are to be found 
business houses that attract more than ordinary attention 
from the extent of their operations and the character of the goods 
kept for sale. The establishment of Messrs. Flinn & Brene- 
MAN is one to which this remark applies with unusual force. It 
was established about 1857, and includes House-Furnishing 
Goods, the manufacture of Tin and Copper- Ware, Plumbing, Gas- 
Fitting, etc., as the prominent features of the business. We will 
not attempt to give a detailed enumeration of the stock, except to 
say that in the line of House-Furnishing Goods are to be found all 
those articles required in the household in Tin, Copper, Wood 
and Willow-Ware, also Lamps and Lamp Goods, Cutlery, etc., 
while in the Stove Department are to be found all the newest de- 
signs for heating and cooking purposes; also Ranges and Heat- 
ers and Fyrnaces, containing all the latest and most valuable im- 
provements. A special business is made by the firm of heating- 
dwellings and buildings by hot air or steam, and also introducing 
water an3 gas into buildings. As expert sanitary plumbers the 
firm have no equals in this part of the State; they give particular 
attention to underground drainage, making Sewer- Connections, 
putting in Closets, Bath-Tubs, Sinks, etc., and furnish plans and 
specifications, and make contracts for doing the work in the city 
or country, and when desired furnish all the required Pipe-Fitting, 
etc. In these branches of their business the firm are the largest 
contractors in this part of the State, and fit outbuildings, large 
or small, completely. The premises occupied consist of a large, 
handsome brick structure, presenting a front of 30 with a depth 
of 258 feet. The building is three stories in height, and is one 
of the largest business houses in Lancaster. Connected with the 
store are the workshops, in which a number of skilled, practical 
workmen are engaged in the manufacture of Tin and Copper- 
Ware and doing all kinds of Sheet-Iron Work, and also in mak- 
ing repairs and doing all kinds of general jobbing belonging to 
the tinsmith, the plumber, and the gas and steam-fitter. A spe- 
cial business is made of setting Heaters and Ranges and repair- 
ing them, and also of putting on Tin Roofs, Spouts and Gutters. 
Every facility is enjoyed for conducting the business, and all or- 
ders receive the most prompt attention. Mr. Andrew C. Flinn 
and Mr. B. F. Breneman have for many years resided in Lancas- 
ter. They are among the most liberal of the public-spirited 
merchants and business men in the city, and hold high positions 
in business, local, social and financial circles. 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



Hager & Bro., 

25 W. King St., Lancaster, Pa. 



Dress Goods Department. 



Foreion and Dcmicstic Fabrics. 



Ladies' Cloak and Shawl Department. 



Novelties Sidted to the Season. 

Embroidery and Lace Department. 

Swiss Nainzookj Cambric Embroideries. 
Point, Dutchess J Torchon, Medici Laces. 
Jotivin Kid Gloves, Hosiery, Underwear. 

Household Furnishing. 

Carpets, Mattings, Linoleum, Rugs. 

Paper LLanging. 

Lace, Turcoman and Cheiiille Curtains. 

Men's Clothing Department. 

■ Merchant Tailoring, Ready-Made Clothiitg, 
Men s Furnishing Goods. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



&E0. M. STEINMAN & CO. 



Jobbers and Retailers of 



paiilwaie, Ifoii and M, 



I. J 







OILS AND PAINTS, 

SADDLERY 

irHwaiB 

^STDYES^ 

AND 

Hou^efui^qi^hinglqood^, 

26® 28 
WEST KING STREET, 

LANCASTER, PA. 



We Offer to our Customers the 
Largest Stock and Greatest Va- 
riety of Goods to Choose from, 
and our Prices are Always the 
Lowest. Having Completed our 
New Store, we will keep a much 
Greater Variety of Goods than 
heretofore, and we will have Bet- 
ter Facilities for Serving Them. 



The Oldest and Largest House in the County. 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. 



injaMen, Field and \m^ ^^ed^. J 



W. D. Sprecher. Frank L. Sprecher. Leonard J. Ganss. 



DEALERS IN 




31 East King Strkkt, 
lancaster, penn'a. 



I CSloVB^^imoliIiiJ^eEda^pEcMti}. I 



OF THE CITY OI'" LANCASTER, PA. 



Wholesale and Retail Dealers in * 

CO 




:BiT"cr2iv^i3^0"crs. 



GONTRAGTS ENTERED INTO for YEARLY SUPPLIES. 



Dffice: Nd. 2D Centre Square. 
Yard: Marshall and East Walnut Bts. 

LANCASTKR, PA. 

Both Yard and Office Connected with Telephone Exchange. 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



lll|l|l|illlli|i|l|l|IIJI|i|I|l|ll^llllll|l|IIIIIMIIllllllll.lil:l>llllill>l1lll'lllllllilllll>l«l«lllllllllillllllll1l:l''l<lll'l>l<l:lll'l>l'l><:>ll'l'l >'■■'<""""■'■'■'■'■'£ 



rv^HNUFflCTURERS OF 



f i 




-Woolen hnl) (^ottonO 



1 SEAMLESS HOSIERY 



IVlEN, Women hnq (^hildr'^'.n, 
40 gOUTH (^HRISTiaN gT., LONCflSTER, pfl. 



iiiiiiiiiii.iiiii.iiiiiiiii 



lillllllllll|illi|illl'lililil:lil'lilililil lil'l:!'! I'lilll>lil:lil<l'l!l ■ ■ ■'■'■'■'■^■'■'•'■'■'■'•^■'■'■'■"'■'■'■'■'■"'■'■'■'"■'■"'■'""■'■'■'■' 



--^i^ 



-^ 



» 



oJULIUS + LOEB,o 



Importer and Wholesale Dealer in 



Hosiery, Notions, Shirts, Drawers, 
Gloves, Suspenders and Small Wear, 



No. 31 SOUTH QUEEN STREET, 



LANCASTER, PENN'A. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



LANCASTER'S GROWTH 



IS INDICATED BY ITS 



INCREASED DEMAND 

FOR 

J. & P. COATS' 




BEST SIX-CORD 

SPOOL COTTON. 

ALWAYS SELLING 
AT THE STORES OF THE LEADING MERCHANTS. 



Sole Agent in Philadelphia, 

W. S. AUCHINCLOSS, 

209 CHURCH STREET. 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



^(iifes ^ l^reij^ 



^Packers ol *ittd H^^a!c^$ in 



l^eiinsi)rvania ^^ Kavaita 



^eed l^eaf 



Tb&acco^ 



59i%6t jVortfi !!^u(ie SUf 



l^an^a^tert I'^ci* 



JDHN D. 5KILEB, 
JAMES B. FREY. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



•^Publisher • and • Bookseller, 



i^ 



I. ^JLJ^.Lr^.i^. 



BUSINESS CONDUCTED IN DEPARTMENTS. 

\A/HOLESALE I Paper, Envelopes, General Station- 
■' ery, School Books and Supplies. 

RETAIL: stationery of all Kinds, School and Miscel- 

■" laneous Books and Sunday School Cards 

and Supplies. 

PUBLISHING : (Normal Pub.Co.i Dr.Brooks' Works: 
'- Methodsof Teaching, Mental Sci- 
ence and Philosophy of Arithmetic. Also, Sunday 
School Books, Cards and Supplies. 



53 and 55 North Queen St., Lancaster, Pa. 



7 EAST KING ST., LANCASTER, PA., 

HARDWARE, IRON ^'° STEEL 



OK EVERV 10ESCl>;ir>'riON. 



THE LBRGE8T AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF SUPPLIES 

BUILDERS, MACHINISTS, MANUFACTURERS and 
MECHANICS OF ALL KINDS. 



CARRIAGE ^SADDLERY HARDWARE. 

HOUSK-KURNISHING OOODS. 



10 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 




OK THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 11 



Bauiggardner^, Eberrnan \ Go. 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS^IN 



ALL KINDS OF 



LUMBER. 



All Shapes and sizks 



KIRK BRICK 



KEPT CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 



Office: No. 325 North Prince Street, 



LANCASTER, PA. 



12 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 




1 

LEADING TEA^^" C OFFEE MAN OF LANCASTER, 

►^i-Nos. 50 and 52 WEST KING STREET.-!: - 

AVHOI.KSAl^E AP»iD RKXAII^. 



Try Clarke's Combination Coffee at 25 Cents per 
Pound, and you will be pleased. 

BEST FIFTY-CENT TEA IN AMERICA. 

CLARKE'S TEA AND COFFEE STORE 
Telephone Connection. Nos. 50 and 52 West King Street. 



GUTHEIE & SON, 

TliB Mm Paiiters ifl Mm of Laicaster! 

"We are ready to give Estimates for Public or Private 
Contracts on All Kinds of Work at Home or Abroad. 

"We are also the Heaviest Dealers in the City in 

PLAIN AND MIRROR TOPS. 

Also, ALL KINDS of TILING for Mantels, Floors or Hearths. 

No. 143 Nevia Street, Lancaster, Pa. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



13 



■ASTBICH« 

PALACE OF FASHION 




13 EAST KING STREET, 

LANCASTER, PA. 



^ 



The Leading House in 

MILLlEI^y, 

TPiraming^ 
Fancy l^ood^. 



A. FULL SUPPLY OF" 




1^ C'OB$S*:0^ 

UNDERWEAR, 
HOSIERY, Gloves, 

LINEN and LACE GOODS, 
AT THE LOWEST PRICES. 

one: f»rice to jvli^. 



STEM RADIATOR MFG. CO., u*™. 

OLANCABTER, PA., U. B. A.O 

Manufacturers of Steam Radiators, Iron and Brass 
Castings, Patterns, Models, Etc. 

We claim that we are manufacturing one of the Best Radiators in the 
Market for Direct or Indirect HEATING of PRIVATE RESIDENCES, 
HALLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, HOS- 
PITALS, SEMINARIES, and Every Class of Buildings Requiring HEAT. 
We Insure Perfect Circulation, Large and Ample Heating Surface, and 
Prices as Low or Lower than any First-Class Radiator. 

INSIST ON HAVING THE LANCASTER STEAM RADIATOR. 

Nos. 26 to 34 W. Chestnut St., Lancaster, Pa. 



14 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



America Ahead Once More ! 

THREE MEDALS OF THE FIRST CLASS 

Tor BESipm of §i:jW Spool Goto. 




New Orleans World's Exposition 

1884-85. 

For Sale by aU Leading Dealers. 





R. BLICKENDERFER, Proprietor. 

Office: No. 128 North Water St., 

LANCASTER, PA. 




Lancaster Turbine Water Wheel. 



Patterns, Castings and Machine 
Work of Every Description. 

Wii]eWatiei'WheeI^, 

Cork and Brick Machinery, 
Shafting, Pull e ys, H ang ers, &c. 

OftUlogoe Furnished Upon Application. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 15 



CROCKERY A SPECIALTY 






CBiif^ mMi,,% 



«*'« 



UTIIIT lTITTTtTtlTlTTII lllllllllllMIIITTnilllllllllimillH 

CHINA, GLflSSMEQUEENSMRE. 

THE L.A.ieCS-EST' .A.SSOISTi>,<rE3^T OF 

Haviland's Decorated China, Domestic and Foreign Glass-ware, 
American and English "White Granite and Semi-Porce- 
lain, in Plain, Painted, or Decorated. 

Faiic>- Goods, L,anips, &c. Kspeclal Attention to Housestires. 
A Kull Guarantee ^i\-ltli Every Sale. 

HIGH & MARTIN, 

NO. 15 EAST KING STREET, LANCASTER, PENN'A. 



113 West King Street, Lancaster, Pa. 




'\f^\ 



Finest Old Government Java and Mocha Coffees, tfie Best in ttie World. 

OO'TJLr 1>r^-'^y^ Crop Tea.s,0 

Oolong and Imperial, are of the Finest Flavor. 

FRUITS AND FANCY GROCEHIES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

TTT" E s e: L Xj the 

BEST BRANDS OF FAMILY FLOUB. 

F. Schumacker's New Process Flour, 
Levan's Best and Fancy, and Mount Joy Roller. 

Our aim is to furnish our Customers with the N'ery Best Flour in the M arket. Please 
give us a trial order, and we will try to please you 



16 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



£3j5»'X'.^Sk.::^XjXSX3:£2X> 1051. 






A KULL LINE OK 



Pine, iedium^ommon Furniture. 

. COR. EAST KING AND DUKE STS., 



«-^^In All Its Branches Receives Personal Attention. =^-J 

J. H. VTIDlVIYEFt. 

1848. issr. 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in and Manufacturer of 

BOOTS AND SHOES 

FOR 

LADIES, GENTS AND CHILDREN. 
ONE or THE OLDEST MANUFACTORIES IN THE CITY. 

^e^ESTABLISHED SINCE 184-8. =^-J> 



Special -A-ttenra-tioaa. G-i-vean. to C-u-stom. ""vATorte "to^r Old. a-iid. Ex- 

DEALER IN RUBBER BOOTS AND SHOES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

Rubber Boots Repaired and >Varranted. 

Nos. 161 and 163 North Queen St., Lancaster, Pa. 




Hnythinc You Mhy Manx 

In the bine of Printing, Plain on Ofnamental, fpom a 

Visiting Card op Liabel to a Book op Postep, Fup- 

nished to Opdep, of the Best Stock and 

in the fllost Aptistie Style. 



* 



HAVING 



* 



f[ Complete i^ggor^trgent of fleW job Tijpe,; 



Tge Laiiegis Irgpi^oVed ^iiean] IJacJinei'iI, 



We are Prepared to do all Kinds of 

■^PRINTING^^ 

IK FIRST-CLASS STYLE: 

Books, Newspapers, Catalogues, Price -Lists, Leaflets, 
Posters, Hangers, Dodgers, Circulars, Business Cards, Fancy Adver- 
tising Cards, Show Cards, Envelopes, Letter Heads, Bill 
Heads, Statements, Checks, Drafts, Receipts, 
Shipping Tags, or anything you need. 

pitTst-Class UUork at lioxju Prices. 

Satisfaction Guaranteed. 

Orders tiy :»Iail Promptly Attended to. 

Correspondence Solicited. 



Andrew H. Hehshey, 

SuPT. JOB Department. 



Warfel &. Geist, 



frinter.s <nul I'lihlisltert, 






Tl7(?^((^u/E^apri9ti9<5)^ous(^ 

jnHE NEW ERA Printing 
j^ House is the best equipped 
of any establishment in Central 
Pennsylvania, for the prompt ex- 
ecution of all varieties of 

Plain and Ornamental 

^iPRINTINGt^ 

In the Best Styles 

of the typographic art. It is the 
only printing house in Lancaster 
provided with Numbering, Per- 
forating, Eyeleting, Dye-cutting 
and Staple-binding Machines, 
with the exclusive right for Lan- 
caster County for putting up 
printed stationery in tablet form, 
with the Reversible Blotter, 
which is superior to all other 
methods for mercantile work. 
The New Era's motto is, 

There is Room at the Top. 

The Printing art is one of steady 
progress. Our aim is to keep up 
with that progress. To do this 
we have just added Ninety 
Different Founts of 
the latest styles of job type, mak- 
ing our assortment in this line 
more complete and comprehen- 
sive than any other house in the 

^.'::^^Ji::Z:r:^s, .. wm get it ^r .m. our estabhshmer.^.. fuIly 

Iquipped with material and printing machinery with special regard to the prompt execution of 

orders for books, newspaper-work, catalogues, price-lists, etc. .. Wtom nrices- also 

Wood or process engravings, with electrotypes, furnished to customers at bottom prices, 

seals and seal presses. 

Estimates furnished. Call and examine specimens. 

THE NEW Ert:. is a rirst-class^il7and business newspaper, and is unexcelled as 
an aTv"r" in'^me^iu^rcirculation being more than double that of any other ocal journa 
The DaL New Era. published every afternoon and evening. $5-00 - y^^' ^^ "^^^'' 

ten cents a week by carrier. " ^„^ ;„ ndvance or 

THE WEEKLY New Era, published every Saturday morning. $1.50 a year in advance, 

$2.00 not paid in advance. 

Sample copies by mail free to any address. 




OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



19 




CY.Roiaco. 

Manufacturers of 

FAN BLOWERS, 

PORTABLE FORGES, 
TIRE BENDERS, 

DRILL PRESSES. 



PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL 

WllOUGllT lllON FENCES A SPECIALTY. 

Verandahs, Roof Crestings, &c. 



117 EAST CHESTNUT STREET, 

LANCASTER, PA. 



fH AS. A, LOCHER, 

WHOLESALE* RETAIL DRUGGIST, 

9 E. IxINQ ST., LANCASTER, PA. 



PURE DRUGS AND CHEMICALS A SPECIALTY. 



, I PrEs:riptigRS Goispoiiiiild 



Manufacturer cf 

Locher's Renowned Cough Syrup. 

Locher's Rheumatic Remedy. ^^ '^^^ "o^^s of the 

Locher's Horse ;f Cattle Powders. | i3ay ano nioht. 



HI<«GI.ISH, GERMAPU AIVD FRENCH SrOKE^t. 



20 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 




THE LATEST & BEST mOV£D 

BRICK 
MACHINES 

FOR BOTH STEAM ^ 
AND HORSE POWER. 



STEAM POWER BRICK MACHINE 



STEAM POWER BRICK MACHINF 



SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE ^& 

HENRY MARTIN, i 

INVENTOR. PROPRIETOR. Ilxi 



INVENTOR. PROPRIETOR, 
AND MANUFACTURER. 



'■.ii«>l!fc3':':]|'?ij° 



.■>PALMER-frfFN'^ 



I 39 CHESTNtPT- St."^MAiPiMr 

, LANCASTER, PA., -U-S-A. ^^JLJMzL 



HORSE POWER BRICK MACHINE. 



These Machines are in Successful Operation in Every State 
and Territory of the United States and the Canadas. 



CAPACITY OK NIACHINBS: 
Horse-Power Machines, .... 15,000 to 20,000 per Day. 
Steam-Power Machines, .... 25,000 to 35,000 per Day. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 21 



M. V. B. COHO, 



IDE-^XJE^^ liT 



LUMBER AND COIL 

OK ALL KINDS, 
Office— 155 NORTH QUEEN STREET, 

LANCASTER, PA. 
STATE CHARTER, 1841. NATIONAL CHARTER. 1864. 



Lapler Counly national m^ 

23 EAST KINO STREKT. 



CAPITAL, $300,000. SURPLUS, $170,000. 



CHRISTIAN B. HERR, Prest. DAVID HUBER, Vice-Prest. 

F. H. BRENEMAN, Cashier. 

DIRKCXORS. 



C. B. Herr. 
David Huber, 
David Graybill, 
C. R. Landis, 



John B. Myers, 
Jason K. Eaby, 
E. M. Hostetter, 
H. C. Lehman, 
Henry Shenck. 



Lewis Haldy, 
Jacob S. Shirk, 
David C. Kready, 
John L. Metzger, 



22 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 




Medal and Diploma Awarded at Centennial 
Exposition, Philadeipiiia, Pa., 1$76. 



i EST-^EXjISHEX) ±ss^. 




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mi EIGl ani SOm WOEES, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Horizontal, Vertical, Portable and Hoisting 

Engines, Saw Mills, 

BOILERS, OIL AND WATER TANKS, 



STEAM HEATING 







PRICES OF PORTABLE ENGINES. S :? » 

w = O 
Capacity. Cylinder. 



On Wheels.: ^ .? Z 




JOHN BEST & SON, 

333 EAST FULTON STREET, 
LANCASTER, PA. 



Medal and Tnn Diplomas at World's I. & C. 
Centennial Exp., New Orleans, 1884-85. 



3 O 





OF THE CITY OK LANCASTER, PA. 23 







^' \ V ■•••■■■■■' #•■••■■ 
V ...■:•.- K^.-- ^> 



^ ■•' -^J 



FRAMES, DOORS, SHUTTERS, SASH, MOULDINGS, &c. 
TURNING AND SCROLL SAWING. 



WM. WOHLSEN'S 

PLANING MILL, 

407 to 417 N. Mulberry St. LlBiUC^StGr, P^. 

ALL WORK MADE OF KILN-DRIED LUMBER. 
ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 



MANUFACTURER AND PROPRIETOR OF 

THE CENTENNIAL PATENT PASTRY BOARD. 



24 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. 



(g. h. PonDersmith, 

-^BOOKSELLER, STATIONER AND ART DEALER, 



46 ^asT HiNG Street, LaNcasTER, pa. 



SCHOOL BOOKS, BLANK BOOKS, 
L>AY BOOKS, LELOERS, 

CASH BOOKS, MINUTE BOOKS, &c. 

BLANKS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION . 

DHKDS, BONOS, MORXGAGBS, I^EASES, &c., &c. 

CAP, I.ETXER AT*iO 3SOXE PAPERS, EPUVEEOPES, &C. 

ARTISTS' SUPPI^IES ANO "W^AX IHATERIAI^S. 

46 East King Street, Opposite Court House, Lancaster, Pa. 



ALL THE LEADING AND CORRECT STYLES. 
MEDIUM AND FINEST GRADES, FROM BEST MAKERS. 



SHAUB & BURNS, 

Boots^^^Shoks, 

14 N. Queen St., Lancaster, Pa. 



HAND SEWED AND MACHINE SEWED. 
ALL WIDTHS and LENGTHS, INSURING FAULTLESS FITS. 



OF THE CITY OF LANXASTER, PA. 25 

CONESTOGO STEAM MILLS, 

LANCASTER, PA. 



F. SHRODER & CO., - - - - Proprietors. 



MANUFACTURERS of COTTON GOODS, 



-EMBRACING- 



Conestogo Fine Browns, Drills, Jeans, Colored Satteens, Canton 
Flannels, Genuine Nankeens, and Other Makes and Styles, 



Selling Agents, W. L STRONG & CO., New York. 

J. B. MARTIN. JOHN L. MARTIN. HORACE J. MARTIN. 

J. B. Martin & Co. 

Four Floors Devoted to the Sale of Merchandise. 
Every Department Complete. 



1 FIRST FLOOR. 


•■•mill iiaiiiiaiait •■■■■••••• ■■■ • ■•■■■■■^ 

DRY GOODS DEPARTMENT. j 


: SECOND FLOOR. 


CARPET DEPARTMENT. j 


: SECOND AND : 
: THIRD FLOORS. 


WALL PAPER DEPARTMENT. j 


1 BASEMENT. 


OUEENSW*\RE DEPARTMENT. j 
• • •...•■•■.••■... ....f 



J. B. MARTIN & CO., 

Cor. PRINCE and W. KING STS., LANCASTER, PA. 



26 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



&m 




gTEVENS I3OUSE 



?{. ■yiESTHNE), Proprietor. 

COMMERCIAL, $2.00. 




W. A. Kieffer. 



Aldus C. Herr. 



KIEFFER & HERR, 

(2:^^ DEALERS IN ::5^f3 

HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS 

Fuller and Warren & Co.'s (Troy. N. Y.) Stoves and 
Heaters, Furnaces and Ranges. 

WE GUARANTEE THESE GOODS TO GIVE MORE SATISFACTION ON LESS 
FUEL THAN ANY IN THE MARKET. 

Also, COOK STOVES, HEATERS AND RANGES, and all 
HOUSEKEEPING GOODS, at All Prices. 

PLUMBING, GAS-FITTING, STEAM-HEATING, TIN ROOF- 
ING and SPOUTING Promptly Attended To. 



Court J^ioiise. )' 



40 EAST KING ST., LANCASTER, PA, 



I 




OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



27 



•AMER,.-. 

Lancaster's Leading Hatter and Furrier, 




AND EXTENSIVE DEALER IN 

NO. 39 WEST KING ST. 



>_ A. A 






LADIES' FURS A SPECIALTY IN SEASON. 

Special Attention Given to Measuring- for and Making- to 
Order Sealskin and Pur-Lined Garments. Satisfaction as to 
Fit, Quality and Price, Specially Guaranteed. 

Forty Years' Experience in Above Lines of Business Gives 
Us Superior Advantag-es. 

1, Beai EsiaiB m i..., ::::.., 

No. 32X SOUTH DUKE ST., LANCASTER, PA. 

Insurance Effected in the Best and Most Solid Foreign and American Companies. 

COMI^A-NIKS KKl^KESEWrFSD. Assf/s. 

ROYAL, OF LIVERPOOL, United States Branch, _ $4,900,000.00 

HOME, OF NEW YORK 7,802.711.55 

HARTFORD, OF HARTFORD, 5,055,946.45 

PHENIX, OF BROOKLYN, N. Y., 5,383,171.68 

GIRARD, OF PHILADELPHIA 1,357,468.17 

SPRINGFIELD, OF MASSACHUSETTS 2,803,436.80 

LONDON AND LANCASHIRE. OF LIVERPOOL, 1,432,466.16 

(United States Branch.) 
NORWICH UNION INS. SOCIETY, OF ENGLAND, ._. 1,245,466.20 

(United States Branch. i 

WESTCHESTER. OF NEW YORK, 1,304,126.90 

FIRE INS. ASSOCIATION, OF ENGLAND, 921,474.59 

AMERICAN, OF PHILADELPHIA 2,301,858.66 

LLOYD'S PLATE GLASS INS. CO., N. Y 212,159.92 

TRAVELLERS' LIFE AND ACCIDENT, HARTFORD, __ 8,417,038.20 

Investments Made on Improved Real t -i— v "rr> "cr> iv /r t a tt i— « -r-w— v-i— v 

Estate on Wide Margins, so that [^ J x:^ IX. r!^ iVi i .A. Jrl W I H H^, 

They Are Absolutely Safe. 1 

-ta-Telephone Connection. 32;< S. DUKE ST,, LANCASTER, PA. 



28 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

H. S. SHIRK J. P. SHIRK A. P. SHIRK. 

H. S. SHIEK & SONS, 

AIAIstUKACTUI-iERS OK 

Mi 4IB 01411 OMf if S. 



■-.A.1.SO. lOea-lers in.- 



Brussels, Tapestry and Ingrain Carpets, 

WINDOW SHADES, OIL CLOTHS, &c. 
COR. WEST KING AND WATER STREETS. 

KEYSTONE PLANING MILL. 

Doors, Shutters, Sash and Bhnds, 

Moulding-s, Brackets, Window Frames, Store Fronts, 

All Work for Finishing Houses Done in White Pine and Hard Wood Finish. 

i^I^o, Builder and (Jontractoi^, aqd Dealer' in I^eal Estate. 

HouMes for Sale iii the Be^t I.,ocalities and I'poii the Itlost 
Reasonable Terms. Houses for Rent. 
Houses ICxchan}>:ecl on Orouncl and Building: I,ots. 

All Work Guaranteed and Open for Inspection. Estimates Furnished. 
Factory-332 to 338 NORTH CHARLOTTE ST. , -r a -.-r^-^ 1 QirppT) T) A 
Residenc3-678 and 680 W. CHESTNUT ST. iTjiliN UiifO±£jIlj Xiii 

IE*. O. STXTH.C3rIS, 



OK THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



29 






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s&TASXaisixsD laes.' 



*MERCHANT*TAILOR* 

AND 

DIRECT IMPORTER OF FINE WOOLENS. 

THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF 

Workmanship the Very Best and All Goods Warranted as Represented. 

43 NORTH QUEEN STREET, LANCASTER, PA. 



30 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



J. Symington, . . . P. T. Watt, ... C. A. FonDersmith, . . . James Shand. 



Beltonford 
• Paper Works, • 

LANCASTER, PA. 



J. Symington & Co., 

Manufacturers of 

Fine Manilla, Envelope and Drawing 




OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



3oHN (g Vjnm, 

43 5. Orange gi., L^jnc^ster, fn. 



giNCE 1876 THIS IJQUSE HAS BEEN THE 

gTaNMRt) FOR Uniforms ^oR Officers 

m THE rvjILITaRY gERVICE OF THE OnI- 
TEt) gTSTES. 



P. C. SNYDER & BRO., 

Dealers in Foreign and Domestic 

Hosiery, Gloves, Notions, 

TRIMMINEJS, RIBBONS, 

LACES, EMBROIDERIES, WHITE GOODS, CORSETS. 

Large Assortment of MILLINERY GOODS Always on Hand. 

OWOOLS, ZEPHYRS, SAXONY AND KNITTING YARNS.O 

III All Qualities and i!»liadeM. 

No. 14 WEST KING ST., LANCASTER, PA. 



32 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



BENJ F.SHKNK. SHENK &, BAUSIVIAN'S SAM ■- D. B.^SMAN. 



Insurance # Real Sstate Agency^ 

None But Reliable Companies Represented. 




If you want to IN'SURI %oui jn ipms in tin. Ksi c oinp uiu s it the Lowest Current Rates, 
if you want to Bl \ or SI I I Pioi)(.it\ il \ou w int to RP N I Piop(.rt\ il \ouha\e Money 
to LOAN, oi if\ou w uit to KORROW, or it \ou hue AW BUSINI SS \ou want properly 
attended to, g:ive us a call. 

We represent the Best Foreign and Home Companies, Adjust Losses Promptly, and 
Make Long Term Insurance a "Specialty." We solicit a trial. 

CS^ Telephone Connection. SHKT^K ik BAUSMAIS. 



h. (L. F©wleF, 




PhstegrapheF. 



R©. If West King Sfepeefc, 

CROSS KEYS BUILt)INa. 



LieinGaster?, fa. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 33 



INC0RP01>iATED 1864.^ 



THE FIRST NIlTIONflL BANK, 

OF X<A.NCA.SXE:Ft, I>A.. 

NO. 11 EA.S'r IvINO STREET. 



CAPITAL (In U. S. 4 Per Cent. Bonds), $210,000. 



N. MILTON WOODS, President. 

HENRY C. HARNER, Cashier. 

Henry Baumgardner, . . Hon. A. Herr Smith, . . N. Milton Woods, 
Clement B. Grubb, . . . Michael H. Moore, . . . Abm. S. Bard, 
Peter S. Reist, .... John H. Moore, .... Solomon Sprecher. 

Discount Day, Monday, 10:30 A, M. Dividends May and November. 



A, a. iicfcSEifsir'B'iif, 



"-v-j^KINE. 



No 37 NORTH QUEEN STREET, 
LANCASTER, PA. 



Having completed arrangements with Foreign Commission Houses, I am enabled 
to offer you direct Importations of the Finest English, French and German Woolens 
ever brought to this country. I employ only the best tailors and first-class cutters. 
My Garments are equal to any of the finest made in this country. My Patent Strap 
Pantaloons fit easy, do not bag out at the knees, don't draw up when sitting down, 
and give better satisfaction than any others. A full line of Dress Refines, for livery, 
hunting and riding costumes always on hand. 



A. H. ROSENSTEIN, 

LANCASTER, PA. 



34 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



WARRANTED PURE! 



All the Beer Made at 



J. A. g prenger's Brewery, 

20S I.OCUST' ST., 



AS 'WELL AS ALL THE BEER SOLD AT HIS SALOON, 

NOS. 18 & 20 NORTH PRINCE STREET, 
Next Door to Fulton Opera House. LANCASTER, PA. 



Only the Best Hops and Malt Used in AH. Brewings. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 
ROTARY VENTILATING FANS. 



Sof icjitors of l^atent^t 



Office: 39 EAST GRANT ST. 



Also Make a Specialty of PATTERNS, DRA'WINGS, MODELS 
and EXPERIMENTAL WORK. 



INQUIRER PUBLISHING CO. 

53 & 55 J^orth Queen St., J-ancaster, fa. 



J. p. WICKERSHAM, J. HAROLD WICKERSHAM, 

PRESIDENT. GENERAL MANAGER. 

PAID UP CAPITAL, S75,000, 

Pri9ti9(^, ->>■■<<- B\T)dir)(^, 
Stereotypi9(^. 

T/w Larocs/ Priiitiiii^ listablisJinioit in Pennsylvania outsidg 

of PhiladiipJiia. Building 2 ^y feet long^ ^2 feet 

Ti'ide, /-Vc'e Stories High. 

FOURTEEN STEAM-POWER PRESSES. 

Capacity 100,000 Sheets Daily. 

From 80 to 100 XZxnployees. 



Work Now (March 21, 1887,) in Progress: 

14 Books, 12 Newspapers, Pamphlets, and Magazines. 

Prices as low as good materials and the best of work will allow. 
ESTIMATES CAREFULLY MADE. 




mim Fuiblishirtcr C® 






^^%^ 



This Establishment (^ommends Itself to the 
gusiNESs rvjBN OF LaNcasTER, gEcausE 

I. 

It is of home trrowtli. 

II. 

It brings into this city and expends here, at least $35,000 

a year. 

III. 

Printing" of all kinds can be done by us as well as in an\' 
other office, while our facilities for gettintr out circulars, cat- 
alogues, pamphlets, and books are unequalled outside of 
Philadelphia. 

IV. 

We are the only establishment that can turn out a complete 
book or pamphlet, doing all. the work on it ourselves. We 
have presses of all kinds, Drum and Two-revolution Cylinders, 
five Adams book presses (the only ones in the city) and a six- 
roller Stop Cylinder for fine cut work. The latter is a similar 
machine to those used for printing the cuts in the Harper and 
Century Magazines. All fine work is "dry-pressed" in a 
Hydraulic Press before being bound. We have numerous Job 
Presses, and the latest improved paging and numbering, per- 
forating^ and wire-stitching machiner\'. 

V. 

Our Prices always riizht. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



37 



COMMUNICATION BY TELEPHONE. 



WILLimHSOII & FOSTER 

32, 34, 36 and 38 EAST KING STREET, 



0H« $>isie£ m0W0^* 




SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO 
IP 



The Largest Assortment o. 

Gents' Neckwear, Underwear, 
Gloves and Hosiery. 



i( 



THE I'.A.TEXTT BOSO^«C 

EIGHMIE' 

!<«i.oo Kacli, or«5.40per Half-»ozeii. 

Hats and Ca ps. Carriage Robes. Blankets and Whips, Furs and Driving Gloves, 
Hand Satchels. Valises and Trunks. Waier Proof Clothing. 



B00T8^*°8H0ES. 



Sportsmen's and Miners' Long Boots. 

Ladies' Felt Shoes and Slippers. 
Gents' Bicycle, Base Ball and House Shoes. 



A Specialty Made of Fine Dress Shoes for Ladies and Misses. 

Orders by Mail Proiiijilly Filled, 



Correspondence on L.incaster's Commercial 
Facilities will Receive a Prompt Reply. 



38 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



— SESXABI.ISHEI> IN 1782.S — 

Continued by Carl Heinrich Heinitsch to 1803. Continued by Augustus Heinitsh to 1816. 

Continued by A. & J. F. Heinitsh to iSiS Continued by J. F. Heinitsh to 1841. 

Continued by J. F. Heinitsh & Son to 1849. Continued by 

WH0LE8ALE^*°RETJIIL DRUGGIST 

No. 16 EAST KINO STREET, 



Stock Large and Fresh, embracing all that is to be had at a Drug Store of the best 
quality. ^^"Special attention to Pharmaceutical Products. 



WALTER A. HEINITSH'S 

FURNITURE DEPOT 

Nos. 27 and fji) S. QUKEN ST., 

LANCASTER, PA. 

The Largest Stock of FURNITURE, BEDDING, PARLOR SUITS, MIRRORS, 
FRAMES, and everything found in a first-class establishment can here be seen. 

We manufacture largely our own goods, and are thereby enabled to please all in 
style and price. 



JOBBER AND RETAILER 

•^P AINTS, OM V ARNISHES .-^ 

GLASS # PAINTERS' SUPPLIES, 

No. 29 EAST ORANGE ST., LANCASTER, PA. 

Sole Agent for the " Atlas " R. M. Paints. 



OF THE CITV OF LANCASTER, PA. 



39 




H. E. §LAYA/[AKER, 



AGENT: 



Reigart's Old Wine Store, 

29 East King St., Lancaster, Pa. 



F". O. BOX -4T4. 



ESTABLISHED 1785. 



THE OLDEST AND FINEST STOCIv OE 

OLD NIADEIRA WINES 

IX THE UNITF.D STATES, COMPRISING THE 

Vintages of 1793, 1800, and Importations of 1814, 1817, 1B18, 1827. 



This Stock o/Old Wines an^ Reigart's Old Sherries, Brandies 
<z«^ Whiskeys, with a full line of Claret, Burgundy, Sauterne and 
Rhine Wines, are offered to the public. Also Fresch and American 
Sparkling Wines, which includes Pommery Sec. and Bouche Sec, 
the Finest French Imported Wines in the Market, and Special Great 
Western Extra Dry Wine, Our Own Brand, from the Pleasant Val- 
ley Wine Company, of Rheims, N. V. 

Lancaster. Pa., M ar. 15, 1887 . TELEPHONE CONNECTION. 



40 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. 



oi^a-^^n^TiZED less. 



NORTHWESTERN 

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 

HOME OFFICE, MILWAUKEE, WIS. 



ASSETS, January 1, 1887, $26,669,878.38. 

SURPLUS, (OVER LE«AL RESERVE AND OTHER LIABILITIES,) . $4,429,181.07. 

INCOME, in year 1886, $5,870,797.07. 



IT PAYS its policy holders larger dividends than any of its rival 
companies. 

IT ISSUES all forms of Life, Semi-Tontine and Endowment 
Policies, which are very liberal in their terms. 

IT INVESTS its funds upon first mortgage upon improved real 
estate security, at Western rates of interest; and no such loan can be 
made for more than half the appraised value of the property. Its 
location enables it to select the choicest securities, and to command 
the highest rates of interest. No loans are made by the Company 
on stocks, collateral or any kind of fluctuating or doubtful securities;, 
its charter prohibiting all such. Its interest receipts each year 
much more than pay its death losses. 

For further information apply to 

(^EORGE ^ t^EYNOLtiS, 

{^EN fjGENT FOR (^ENTRSL pENNSYLVHNia 

121 ^asT "King St., LaNCfisTER, pa. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



41 



'••FOXTNDEO 18 BO 




AMress All Communications to COMESTOGA CORK WORKS, or to 

jaL3ElL3VOXL.X> tSz 



.o 



42 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 




BAUSMAN & BURNS, 

FIRE INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE AGENTS, 



Co f respi) titlfiirr So I i r iffd , 



Telephone Connection. 



Offlce-10 West Oraap St., Lancaster, Pa. 




iti.-a.c?ti<:j-a.Ij 



•Nos. 42 and 44 West King- Street, Lancaster,Pa. 

Whilst LARGE WORK, both PORTRAIT and OUT-DOOR, is made a SPECIAL- 
TY, we also bestow PERSONAL ATTENTION on CABINET and smaller sized Pictures. 
A Leading Feature is our Life-Sized Heads in 

CRAYON, PASTEL, INK OR OIL ; 

as well as Artistic FRAMING in Bronze, Gold, Hard Woods, &c., of which our friends 
have unlimited facilities for selection from our Specimens of MOULDINGS of UNIQUE 
AND POPULAR DESIGNS. 

^r~ We Solicit Examination and Comparison of PORTRAITURE, Out-Door and 
In-Door Views, Etc. In all matters pertaining to PHOTOGRAPHY, you will find it to 
your interest to consult 



OF THE CITV OF LANCASTER, PA. 43 



J. R. BITNER, President. _. JOHN HERTZLER. Cashier. 



■^ij^t^^onflatiofia/^^, 



LANCASTER, PA. 



t 



Capita/, $200,000. . . Undivided Profits, $65,000. 



This Bank Solicits the Accounts of Banks, Bankers, Merchants, 
Manufacturers and Business Firms Generally. 

We Give Our Collection Department Special Attention. 



Agents for the American Exchange in Europe, Limited. 

JOHN BAEB'S SONS, 

P UBLISHER S OF 

"DER VOLKSFREUND," 



Lancaster Almanacs, 



DEALERS IN 



BOOK S AND STATIONERY, 

15 and 17 NORTH QUEEN STREET, 



LANCASTER, PENN'A. 



44 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



^FATT^ # eMAIf B 



f 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN' 



DRY GOODS, 



I 



Co 



"A 
H 
Ph 

E-i 
H 

o 



M 
o 
o 

E-i 

m 

Eh 

m 

H 

<A 
< 




Each Department will be found Complete with the Latest Novelties at Lowest Prices. 

t_^==AX miCES TO SITIX XHK TIlWtES.^^^^ 

DEPARTMENTS.— Dress Goods, Flannels, Embroideries, Dress Silks, Skirts, Laces, 
Shawls, Muslins, Ribbons, Cloaks, Calicoes, Notions, White Goods, Shirtings, Buttons, 
Underwear, Table Linens, Hosiery, Dress Trimmings, Napkins, Gloves, Collars and 
Cuffs, Towels, Ruchings, Blankets, Handkerchiefs, Corsets. 

I'opiiliir Goods, at I'opiihtr J'rici's, at flif 

Nos. 6, 8 and 10 EAST KING ST., LANCASTEE. PA. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



45 



•JVIYERSa^dRATHFON,.-. 



DEALERS IN FINE CLOTHING. 



The Largest and Best SelecTted Stock of Ready- 
Made Clothing in Lancaster. All of Our Own 
Manufacture. 

The Best Equipped Merchant Tailoring Depart- 
ment and Best Corps of Cutters in Lancaster. 

No Such Assortment in Any Other Merchant Tai- 
loring House. 

MYERS & RATHFON, 



No. 12 East King St., Lancaster, Pa. 



TOH3ST CO^L-^n^ID. 



Motet ^ t^estaurcintt 

NOS. 125 and 127 NORTH QUEEN STREET. 
LANCASTER, PENN'A. 



t_^=^ESa:.A.BXjISSCEI3 I3iT IST-S.^ 



Particular Attention Paid to Serving Weddings, Parties, Pic-Nics, Festi- 
vals and Fairs with the Best the Market Affords, at Reasonable Prices. 

A Corps of Good Servants Always at Hand. 

Oysters and Game Served in Season. The Bar has the Reputation of 
Serving the Best of Liquors, Wines, Beer and Cigars. 

JOHM COPI.AJUD, Proprietor. 



46 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

Dr. Vj. X CJaiHORST, 

g^Dentist,:^e5 

OFFICE: . 

HABERBUSH BUILDING, LiaiNiCaSTER, f 3, 



CENTRE SQUARE. 



►^JOHN P. SCHAUM & SON,i^^ 

DEALERS IN 



i!i&ms!ii%l*MKffl)iIiiteifiH)i 



AND ' 

PLUMBERS, GAS FITTERS, COPPER AND 
SHEET IRON WORKERS, 

No. 24 SOUTH QUEEN STREET, LANCASTER, PENN'A. 

8. C. 8LAYMAKER, 

• CIVIL ENGINEER, 
-d SURVEYOR AND DRAUGHTSMAN, [> 

LANCASTER, PA. 

Surveys of all kinds made promptly in any part of the country ; also for Railway 
Lines and Bridges ; Maps, Plans, Specitications and Estimates carefully prepared and 
construction attended to. Over 30 Years Practical Experience in R. R. work in all 
its branches. 

^3lt CHARLES M. HOWELL, *-«- 

^JVIarbleand Granite Works,(«^ 

139 NORTH QUEEN ST., LANCASTER, PA. 

Grave Stones, Monuments and Tombs, Marble and Granite Cemetery Enclosures. 
All kinds of Building work. You are invited to call and examine the finished work 
of entirely new and original designs, by a competent draftsman, not to be obtained 
elsewhere. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



47 



*** Keystone *% 

Standard 
W^atch Company, 




MANUFACTURERS OF A FULL LINE OF EVERY GRADE AND SIZE OP 



,R 



WATCHES 



LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A. 






!i 



.1 



The KEYSTONE WATCHES are the Best. Besides having Every Feature 
Essential to Accurate Time-keeping, they have in addition Patented Improvements, 
which make them Superior to All Others. 

Our Anti-Dust-Proof Watches are Protected from Dirt and Dampness. 

Our Regulator is the Only Regulator that Has No Lost Motion. 

Our Patent Stem-Winder is the Best and Simplest Made. 

The Watches that combine all these Patent Improvements are the Most Perfect 
in the World. 

First-Quality Plating Done in Gold, Silver, Nickel and Bronze. 



48 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

A. C. KEPLER, 

HAR.DAA^ARE, 

GLASS, PAINTS, SEEDS, OILS, &c. 



FULL LINE OF GUNS, RIFLES AND SPORTING GOODS. 



AGENT FOR THE CELEBRATED 

Novelty Furnaces, Harrison s Paints. 
Alexander s Belting. Hazzard Powder, 



so1ic.'Ve''d. ] 40 and 42 North Queen St., Lancaster, Pa. 



1054. — £:si*u^3siLiZSX3:£ix> — ios4. 



N--(Oia'E^ 




rni i^L v\ v\L i Ji II Fii pjj PTC 

rv^aiNUFaCTURERS OF (gbOTHING, 




DEnLBRSiNQiENTS'PURNISHINClgOOGS, 

CORNER NORTH QUEEN ST. and CENTRE SQUARE, 



MERCHANT TAILORING A SPECIALTY. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



49 



^THE 



fmim llafiDital lank 



c- 



■ OF- 



OLANCABTER, PENN'A.O 



Capital, $450,000 

Surplus and Undivided Profits, . 281,000 



JACOB BAUSMAN, . . 
S. M. SELDOMRIDGE, . 
C. A. FON DERSMITH, . 



President. 

Vice-President. 

Cashier. 



J. P. Stormfeltz ^ Sons, 

MANUFACTUR 



MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN 



ALSO DEALERS IN 

^ALL : KINDS :0F<^ 

COAL. 



SflSH, • 




tYard and Office ; 



■ 222 n2i HortWatjr 5t, 



LANCASTER, PA. 



&c,, <Scc. 



> t 



^^^♦'^'^ 



: Sawing and Planing Done at Short Notice. 

-1 Estimates and Orders by Mail Promptly 
Attended To. 



50 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



NO. 30 CENTRE SQUARE, LANCASTER, PA., 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in and Manufacturer of 

paddle?, Buggiji Coach parne?? 

C^Conestoga Team Harness,'^ 

Trunks, Travelling Bags, Satchels, Pocket-Books in Great Va- 
riety, Robes, Blankets, Fly Nets, Whips, Sleigh Bells, Horse 
Boots, Rubber Horse Covers, Rubber Coats, Carriage Aprons, 
Gum Leggings, Horse Brushes, Curry Combs, Sponges and 
Chamois, Harness Oils, Axle Oils, &c. 

Stoner, Shreiner & Co., 

LANCASTER, PA. 



HARDWARE, 

Housefurnishiiig Goods, 
• Plumbers, • 

Tin and Sheet Iron Workers. 



OF THE CITV OF LANCASTER, PA. 



51 












Z^HlNCA^STEIR. Pif\.. 



CAPITAL, 8200,000. SURPLUS AND PROFITS, 815,844.65. 

Best Facilities. Careful Attention. Prompt Collections. 

J. FRED'K SENER, President. JOHN EVANS, Vice-President. 

JOHN C. CARTER, Cashier. 

DIRKCXORS: 

J. Frederick Sener, 
Daniel G. Baker, 
John H. High, . 
Benjamin L. Landis, 
John H. Landis. 

X3xsco-cr3sri: X).a.-2-, 2>/£c>i<tjd.^-z-, lo .^. Hvd:. 



John Evans, 
Jacob L. Brubaker, 
John K. Stoner, 
Hiram K. Miller, 



Aaron H. Summy, 
Isaac L. Hess, 
Levi S. Gross, 
John Sigle, 



James Rose. 



David Rose. .- . . H. W. Hartman. 



ROSE BROS. & HARTMAN, 

Umbrella and Parasol Manufacturers, 

LANCASTER, PA. 



NEW YORK OFFICE I 

401 Broadway, 
Room 4. 



CHICAGO office: 
2i8 Market St. 



PITTSBURGH OFFICE: 

43 Sixth Ave. 
Room 21. 






52 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



George K. Reed. B. J. McGrann. R. H. Brubaker. 






Centre Squsiret J^antasHv^ f^a. 



ESTABLISHED 1850. 



■ESTABLISHED IN 1704.^-^::::; 



THE OLDEST AND BEST. 



Lancaster Intelligencer 

Daily and Weekly Newspaper, 
Job and Book Printing Establishment. 



-*• •*■ -t- -t' -*• 

Basement: Press Room. - - - First Floor: Business Office. 
Second Floor: Editorial Rooms. . Third Floor : Job Printing Rooms. 
Fourth Floor, ----- Composing Room. 

^^ See Page 53, Part II. 




INTELLIGENCER BUILDING, REED McGRANN & CO.S BANK. 



I 



OF THE CITY OK LANCASTER, PA. « 53 



^.Mr.t^4..fe44»t.4-.i-.A.tM.A 



•»! 




C-OC03C£^*>30r* 



INTELLIGENCER 



xxsoc^^z■<c<:^^a^3ccc<x»Joac>csc^>^*-<^^^ 



^ 



(|ood printing Weed^ Wo pr^ai^B. 



^he typography af this baak speaks far 
itself, It was designed and executed at the 
nff±cB of the 





Estimates furnished and contracts made 
far all kinds nf Jab, Cnmnierclal and Hack 
Printing, 

Make a selection of type and style from 
this volum?, and order by mail or telegraph, 



^tDiDREss: INTELLIGENCER, 

■t., A) .t, -ts .-fe -t^ 4 -t, -t, 4 4 ■% ■% ■% ■% ■•H, -tr .t^ A> -t., -ts '% ■%> -"TV 4 -"fe. 4-t.- ■!« ••?^, .-fi. ■•'-■ -t. . 



;r 



)3^ 



fr 



ooo r*r<>3GOGOa200 *>r«„oc*3<.*j-j»:j3->jt>_»: 



PRINTING HOUSE 



>i>30GoooGoet*; 



4 



54 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

BOWMAN & MUSSER, 

TOl^tiERS IN 

WATCHES .' CHAINS, 

TOOLS AND NIATERIALS, 

ONo. 20 East Chestnut Street, Lancaster, Pa.O 



The Only EXCL US I VEL V Wholesale House in this line in Pennsylvania. 

We sell only to Legitimate Retail Jewelers. We do not sell to General 
Stores, or to Peddlers, or at Retail. 

We Compete in Quality, Styles and Prices of Goods with Houses of High- 
est Reputation in New York and Chicago, and are Unremitting in Our 
Efforts to Correct Current Trade Abuses, and Advance the Interests of tht 
Legitimate Retailer. 

Price Lists {to the Trade Only,) Sent on Receipt of Evidence that the 
Applicant is a Jeweler and Entitled to the Same. 

Iirmers- WorlTiorn Farlof 

GROCERY, 

314 NORTH QUEEN STREET, LANCASTER, PA., 

Next Door to ^orttaerii Market House. 



This is the Place to PurcJiase the Very Best and Freshest 
Groceries in the City. 

All Goods Guaranteed as Represented or Money Refunded^ 



t^-^WM. HLICKENUERFER. 



•^ 



A 



OF THE CITV OF LANCASTF.R, PA. 



55 




1^ 




0) 

<! 

> 
I 



^1 






< 

K 
U 
H 
9) 
< 
U 






ki 

I 

Co 

i 



M/IPS, ATLASES, GUIDEBOOKS, CHARTS, GLOBES 

MAP RACKS, SPRING MAP ROLLERS. 

LIBRARIES, OFFICES, BOARD ROOMS, SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES FITTED 

UP WITH MAPS COMPLETE. 
Good facilities for doitig all branches ot Map Work in the best manner, quickly and cheaply. 



J. L SMITH'S MAP ESTABLISHMENT, 



Send for Catalogue. 



27 S. SIXTH ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



Orders taken by "INTELLIGENCER" JOB PRINTING OFFICE 
Lancaster. Pa., for all kinds of Map AVork. 



56 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



ii. ep]^ppp]i t BE©,, 

S. W. COR. NORTH QUEEN AND ORANGE STS. 



The place to buy Men's, Boys' and Children's Clothing at prices to suit the times. 

Everything new and desirable in Men's Suits, Boys' Suits and Children's Suits for 

the coming Spring season are now ready for your inspection. 

A KE"W SA1WEPI.E nCICES: 

Men's Business Suits, at .... $4.00, $5.00, $6.00, $8.00. 

Men's Dress Suits, at . . $9.00, $10.00, $12.00, $15.00, $18.00. 

Boys' Suits for School, at $2.50, $3.00, $4.00. 

Boys' Dress Suits, at $5.00, $6.00, $8.00, $10.00. 

godchildren's Suits from the Cheapest Cirades to the Finest, at Popular Prices. 

CUSTOM DEPARXIWEBiX. 
Suits to order from ^10.00 and upwards. Pantaloons at ^3.00, $4.00, $5.00, i56.oo, 
$8.00. $io.oo. Remember we manufacture all our own goods, pay strict attention to 
the fitting, making and trimming, and guarantee you a saving of at least 25 per cent, 
on all goods bought at our store. 

L. GANSMAN & BRO., 

Merchant Tailors, Manufacturers of Men's, Boys' and Children's Clothing, 

S. W. COR. NORTH QUEEN and ORANGE STS., 

LANCASTER, PA. 




FRANK L. KRAUSKOP, 



•^:« STE-^^IM: 1=^- 



CUB M M llNUFflCTURER 

AND DEALER IN 

CIGAR BOX and CIGAR MANUFACTURERS' SUPPLIES, 

Nos. 10 to 22 NORTH MULBERRY STREET, 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 57 



GoipiIaj^LB(iaooni|.R. 

PHILADELPHIA AND NEW YORK, 

LANCASTER, MARIETTA, COLUMBIA, 

ELIZABETHTO^VN, LANDISVILLE, MT. JOY, 
MIDDLETOWN, HARRISBURG, 

WILLIAMSPORT, BALTIMORE, and 

flii Points East and west on Ponnsiiivaiija 1 1 

5 THROUGH PASSENSER TRAINS DAILY, c 

STO^iE BAKI^AST.' UOUBI^H XRACK ! SXEKl. RAII.S! 



TWO DAILY FREIGHT LINES Between Lebanon, Lancas- 
caster, Columbia, Harrisburg-, Philadelphia, New York and 

ALL POINTS ON PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. 



The attention of Excursion and Pic-Nic Parties is particularly called to 

MT. QRETNA PARK, 

In the heart of the South Mountain, on the line :of the above Railroad. 
Is offered to individuals and Associations FREE OF CHARGE. 

This Park, Easy of Access from All Points of Eastern and Central 
Pennsylvania, Covering Hundreds of Acres, Beautiful in General Design, 
and Delightfully Located, has been Greatly Improved within the Past Year. 

The Crowning Beauty of the Park is 

Lu^mE COISrET7;7-.^C3-0, 

20 Acres in Extent, in the Most Picturesque Part of the Grounds. The 
Conveniences, Pleasantly Distributed Throughout the Grove, are a Large 
DANCING PAVILION. Large DINING HALL, KITCHENS (with 
Fuel Provided!, TOILET AND BAGGAGE ROOMS, &c. 
NO INTOXICATING DRINKS PERMITTED ON THE PREMISES. 
For Excursion Rates and General Information, Apply to 

Siiixrhiteiiilcut C. A i. H. K., I^EIiiyoS, FA. 



58 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. 



me Lancaster Steam Pui an^ iHacttlne wor^s. 




Office and Works : 

Cherry St., Above James Street, 

I.ANCASTHR., PA. 




EZRA F. LANDIS, . Proprietor. 

THE ECLIPSE 

FAN BLOWERS, 

Xewly Piitentcd Articles. 

Engines, Boilers, Steam Pumps, Tire Benders- 

My PATENT STEAM RADIATOR is Positive in Its Heat- 
ing and Perfect in Circulation. 

IIUmOVED HOVSE HEATIJiiG BOII^ERS. 

COMPLETE ENGINE and BOILER OUTFITS, at $140 and up, according to size. 

The PEERLESS TRACTION and PORTABLE ENGINES'Separators, Cob Break- 
ers, Chopping Mills, Etc. Shafting, Hangers, Pulleys. Also a General Line of Ma- 
chine Work ; a Line of Good Second-hand Engines and Boilers, some as good as new, 
Portable and Stationary Traction Engines having taken their place. 

Machinery Exchanged for New. All Work Guaranteed. 

%W Your orders and inquiries are solicited before buyinij elsewhere 

^^ Call on or address as above for Circulars and Prices. 

i3::E;3^:ES"3r iBiuiea-iBiEe, 

(S-u.ccessox to "CrTsaii cSc ^VLxg-e^r.) 
PROPRIETOR OF THE 

422 and 428 SOUTH PRINCE ST., LANCASTER, PA. 

Doors, Sash, Blinds, Shutters, and All Kinds of Housefurnishing W^ork Made to Order. 
Drafts and Estimates Made When Desired. 

*S-.A.ll :Siiia.s of Ha.r5- "^77"ooa. "^XTorlc a. Specia.lt3r. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 

I.,lTlMnKR— Wliite and Vello'w Pine, Hemlock, ■..inii, Asli, Pop- 
lar, Iteecli, IVIaple, Ctierry, Ktc. Kloorin^, Sidintjr, L,atli, 
Fencinj; and ShintflC!^* 

COAK— Kor tsteani, Blacksniitli, I^inie ISurnins: and Family Use. 
AlMO, Tobacco Sliooks and Cases. 

Yards— 420 N. Water St. and 420 N. Prince St,, Lancaster, Pa. 



OF THE CITY OF -LANCASTER, PA. 



59 




Manufacturers of ILLUSTRATIONS of every description for 
BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS, CATALOGUES, Etc., Etc. 
■1 SEND GREEN STAMP FOR CIRCULAR. 



ENGRAVERS OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS BOOK. 



ESXABKISHEO 1846. 



EXTENSIVE DRY 60608 STORE, 

NEXT DOOR TO THE COURT HOUSE, 
LANCASTER, PA. 



SILKS, SHAWLS, LADIES' COATS, DRESS GOODS, ETC. 

Large Stock of Domestic Goods A/ways on Hand. Also, 

CARPETS, OIL CLOTH. MATTING AND UPHOLSTERY 
GOODS, ALL AT LOWEST PRICES. 

i^. E. r^-^i3:isrESTocK:, 

NEXT DOOR TO THE COURT HOUSE, LANCASTER. PA. 



60 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



lYison,Blakeman&Co. 

PUBLISHERS OK THE 

AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL SERIES 



OK- 



School and College Text Books, 

NEW YORK AND CHICAGO. 



Our list may always be relied on to furnish works of the highest excel- 
lence in all departments taught in schools. Among these may be men- 
tioned : 

SWINTON'S READERS, SPELLERS, GEOGRAPHIES 

AND HISTORIES. ~ 



SPENCERtAN COPY BOOKS. The Most Popular Books 
Extant on this Subj ect. In Price, as Low as the Lowest. 

ROBINSON'S MATHEMATICS, FISH'S ARITHMETICS. 

WHITE'S INDUSTRIA L DRAWING. The Standard 
Draw ing Books. 

SMITH ES PHYSIOLOG Y AND HYGIENE. HUNT'S 
HYGIENE. 



Our Brief Descriptive l,ist Sent to Any Address, on Request. 
Correspondence Solicited. 

IVISON, BLAKKMAN & CO., 

j 753 and 755 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
'( 149 WABASH AVENUE, CHICAGO. 
WILLIAM RIDDLE, 

Gen. Agt., . . Lancaster, Pa. 



OF THE CITY OK LANCASTER, PA. 



61 




CARRIADE M 

40, 42, 43 and 45 MARKET STREET, LANCASTER, PA. 

Fine 'Work a Specialty-. A I^ar^re Stock of Bus^gries and Car- 

rlasres Con>«tantl>- on Hand, and Can Blake to Order 

Correctly Any Style Carriajje DeHired. 

Repairing; Froniptly Attended Xo. 



Lancaster 



GEO. P. KILLIAN, 

Proprietor. 



.*. Paper-Box .-. 






No, 28 East King Street, 

LANCASTER, PKI\'.\'A. 



r actory. 



Paper Boxes of Every Description Projnptly 
Made to Order. 



62 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 

The Helvetia Leather Co., 

Manufacturers Under l,etters Patent of 

jleiieila eells, llpniis am Sirags. 

Also, LACING and PICKER LEATHER, 

Nos. 520 to 528 POPLAR ST., LANCASTER, PA. 



(For Account of Processes, See Part i, Page 65, of this Volume.^ 

Our Leather is Made Solely for Machinery Purposes 
and W^e Justly Claim to Make : 

"O'T'T T'TTVrr^ Unrivalled in Motive Power, Unequalled in Lightness and 
J3 JIjXj JL X J. 1 vXi Durability, Unsurpassed in Close Adhesion to the Pulley, (and 
therefore not recommended for Shifting Pulleys.) 

A "n'P r\"\rQ| ^^^^ Last from 50 to 100 Per Cent. Longer than Any Other, 
ilXltUlN Oi and Less Liable to Stretch or Warp Out of Shape. The Ab- 
sence of Electricity in Them Will, in Silk and Woolen Mills, Save More than Their 
Cost. 
"nTlT T' T A PTlVrP '^^^ Strongest, Softest, Best, and So Acknowledg- 



PICKER. 



ed Wherever Used. 
Conceded by All Users to be the Very Best. 



Prices, Samples, References, Testimonials and All Needed 
Information Furnished on Application. 

r\TT"Q T T? A nnXJT"D ^^ ^^^° Especially Adapted to Collars or Rings 
\J U XL I I Fi A L [~l-LlX\j for Packing Pumps and Hydraulic Presses and 
for Picker and Machine Straps. 

g-iv'e: oxjr GrOODs one: TRIA.!*. 

.^. ID. ISolixex <£z ]Bro., 

"EAST END" GARDENS, 

Connection with tlie City by Telephone and Street Railway. 

FLOWERS, VEGETABLES, PLANTS AND SEEDS. 

Tlie Kliiest Rose Houses in Pennsylvania. 

Cut Flowers. Bouquets and Floral Designs for All Occasions. 

Orders by Mail, Telegraph or Telephone Promptly Filled. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 63 



NEW AND Elegant 

''Hotel Lancaster," 

LANCASTER, PA. 
ON EUROPEAN PLAN. 



OPENED MARCH 31st, 1887. 



Located Directly East of P. R. R. De- 
pot, Fronting Railroad. 

— SROOPvI S.y— 

Single Occupant |i.ooperday. 

TwoOccupants,(2beds)each, 75c. " 
Two Occupants, (1 bed) each, 50c. " 



One of the Finest Railroad Lunch 
Rooms in the State. 

Breakfast and Supper, European Plan. 



Regular "Commercial Dinner," 12 to i. 



No Charge for Steam. 

C. G. McMILLEN; Prop'r. 



KEYSTONE FARM FENCES 

Good Worm Fences Remodeled on this Plan, with a Cheap Post Per Panel, Make About 
Twice as Much Fence as Now Used. The KEYSTONE FENCE is Straight, Strong, 
Neat, Simple, Durable, Cheap, Storm Proof, Cattle Proof; and Saves Labor, Land 
and Money. Anv Rails, Boards, Poles or Posts niav he used. Suits Hills and Level Land. 
Used bv nianv for four years and ENDORSED BV ALL PROGRESSIVE FARMERS. 



•« EYEE¥B#DY'3 F^RJ^ G^WH, 



?9 



IS THE BEST EVER KNOWN, and Extensively I'sed. It opens clear hack away 
from you. It Suits for l!p or Down Hill. Raises at Either End, or the Whole Gate, to Pass 
Snow Drifts, or .Mlows Sheep and Hogs to Pass Under. Is Rigidly Braced in Any Desired 
Position, and Outlasts Two Common Gates. 

Price for II!^ Foot Gates, $3.25 to $4.00. Complete. 

A0T:NTS ff a \TEI> EVEUYWHICRE to Sell the Above and Other Good Patents 
for Farm Use : or Townships, Counties or States. Will Trade for Merchandise or Land. 

Post-Hole DlKTKer.s for Sale. Posts for Sale. Feuce '^^ire, 

Spikes, Wire Cutters, &c. I^iftins: Jacks for Hire to 

Raise, Remove and Repair Riiilcliii]j:s. 

tS' Illustrated Circulars Mailed Free. 

I. !_.. Luf^lSriDIS, 
Farmers' Northern Market, LANCASTER, PA. 



64 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



SHOE STORE AND FACTORY 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in and Manufacturer of 

MEN'S, BOYS' and YOUTHS', LADIES', 
MISSES' and CHILDREN'S 

SHOES, 




The l^ars:est Store and Finest Assort- 
ment of Shoes in L,ancaster. 



of All Descriptions, Hand and Machine, 
Made to Order at Short Notice. 

57 NORTH QUEEN ST., LANCASTER, PA. 






mm 



/^\ foEIMS 



(SUCCESSOR TO EDW. J. ZAHM,) 

MANUFACTURING JEWELER, 



MANUFACTURER OF 



MASONIC MARKS @ SOCIETY WORK. 

DIAMOND MOUNTINGS and BADGES OF ALL KINDS; 
PRIZE AND PRESENTATION MEDALS. 

Estimates made and Designs Furnished upon application. Special Orders and 
Fine Jobbing promptly attended to. Address, by mail or telegraph, 

LANCASTER, PA. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 65 



A. J. STEINMAN, Chairman. C. S. FOLTZ, Sec'y and Treas. W. B. MIDDLETON, Supt. 



PeDi) liOD Compang, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Merchant Bar Iron, 



Hammered and Rolled Axles, 
Car Forcings, 



^>| BRIDGK^^^ORK, |^ 

-M^Fish Joints, Bolts, Rail Road Spikes, 3|e^ 
Bolt Ends, Etc., Etc. 

For Illustration of Works see part I, page 49 of this volume. For Account 
of Iron Industries, see page 58. 

Orders by Mail or Telegraph should be addressed to 

PENN IRDN CDMFANY, 

I^AKCASXKR, I»A. 



66 



RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



LARQKST! CHKAPKST! BEST! 



■4 TaS J-AJff C ASTSB p^ 




t t 

i DAILY AND WEEKLY, t^ 



JOHN A. HIESTAND, . . . Proprietor, 



Established 1856. 

. . Price— $5.00 Per Year. . 



meekly lExamincr. 

Established 1830. 

Price— $1.50 a Year, in Advance. 



Advertisins: Rates Kurnishefi on Application. 

't- 't- 't- ■*• ■*• 



^i 






Bxecuted in tlie Best Manner, and at as l.o'vv rrices as^Are 
Consistent with Good Work. 

JOHN A. HIESTAND. 

5, 7 and 9 NORTH QUEEN STREET, 



LANCASTER, PA. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 67 



THE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMP'NY, of NEW YORK. 

ASSETS, January 1ST, 1887, - - - $114,181,963.24. 

INSURANCE IN FORCE, $393,809,202.88. 

THIS is tlie Largest Firm in the World, composed of 129,927 partners, each 
receiving profits in proportion to his contribution to the common fund. Its 
affairs are conducted by Thirty-six Trustees, nine selected annually from the mem- 
bers, to serve four years. 

Lancaster County has long been closely identified with the interests of this firm, 
whose operations reach out towards every hamlet in the land. Over five hundred 
members of the Company, are residents of the county, having interests exceeding 
One and One-Half Million Dollars. 

During the past ten years the firm has paid out in Lancaster city alone to its bene- 
ficiaries over ^150,000, without taking into consideration the amount paid throughout 
the county. 

Its members represent every vocation — the Mechanic, Farmer, Manufacturer, Mer- 
chant, l^anker and the professioMs are largely represented and identified with its 
prosperity — and the Company is ec[ually interested in the welfare of the county, having 
large invested interests therein. 

Its membership or partners have contributed to the common fund $134,840,370, 
and withdrew therefrom 5136,427,904 or $1,587,534 in excess of their contribution. 
In addition to this $1,587,534, the t/tagic ivand of compound interest has enabled 
the management to pay all expenses and add $29,434,155 to the invested interests 
of the corporation which now aggregate $114,181,963, every dollar of which is the 
property of tlie 129,000 partners and sacredly held in trust for the liquidation of their 
interest. 

For over 40 years this Company has furnished Life Insurance on more favorable 
terms than any other institution on the Globe, and to-day its contract is the most 
liberal, simplest and most comprehensive issued by any similar institution. So de- 
void of technicalities that a child can understand it, so free from concUtions that they 
can't be forgotten. " Pay your premium while living, and the Company when dead 
will liquidate your claim by paying one hundred cents to the dollar." 

Any time after three years you are guaranteed paid-up insurance, in the event of 
inability or disinclination to continue the contract. All policies written by this Com- 
pany are virtually endowment, as they have guaranteed cash values at stated periods, 
or every five years. 

The profits or dividends can be drawn annually, or allowed to accummulate for 
five, ten, fifteen or twenty years, at compound interest. 

In addition to policies on the life plan, policies are written so that all payments 
may be completed in ten, fifteen or twenty years. 

One of the most attractive features of this corporation to many " Lancastrians " is 
the Bond issued by the Company which may be purcliased on a single payment, or, 
by ten, fifteen, twenty or twenty-five annual payments, and redeemable in ten, fifteen, 
twenty, twenty-five or thirty years. These bonds as an investment have always 
netted from 4 to 6 per cent, compound interest, and are well worthy of investigation. 

Another feature. By jiaying down a certain amount, you can secure an income 
payal)le to yourself quarterly, semi-annually or annually throughout life — thus bid- 
ding defiance to the ivolf at the door. 

For any information in reference to tliis Company and its methods of business, &c. 

Please address, BATES & LAMBERT, General Agents, 

1001 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

ROBERT HOLMES, District Agent, 
6O N. Duke St., Lancaster, Pa., or 230 N. 5th St., Reading, Pa., or 

JAMES H. MARSHALL, Agent, 

20 East Walnut St., Lancaster, Pa. 



68 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 



Chas. F. Miller, Chairman , Chas. I. Landis, Treasurer. 

Henrv G. Rush, Vice Chairman Geo. W. Leonard, Sec'y. 

TiteLancasieiGlieiiiicallioiliiilleil, 

OHIGH GR^DEO 

ChemicalsaX^ Fertilizers 

Works on Manheim Turnpike, One-Half Mile North of Reading R. K Depot 
Of&oe: 316 S. WATER ST., LANCASTER, PA. 



A'Special Fertilizer for Every Crop, of Uiiiloubted Furity, Ex- 
cellence and Fine Itleclianical Condition. 

CHEMICALS, ACIDS, SALTS, &c., &c. 



^-^^ESTABLISHED OVER 38 YEARS. 



MRS. H. MILLER & SON, 

^team ^oap ^^^ Candle Worl^?, 

316, 318, 320 and 322 SOUTH WATER STREET, 
OSice-Nos. 42 and 44 EAST KING STREET, 
OLANCASTER, PA.O 

Standardly E^aiimdir j^ Soap^^ 

TAI^I^OW, I^ARD, GREASE and OII^S. 

Absolutely Pure BORAX SOAP a Specialty. 



OF THE- CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



69 






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VIKISXA. EXPORT. 



Cl'I^ItlBACHER BEKR. 



IIENKV Kl RliEi;. President. 



ItAVII) II. >III,I,KK. Tieasnrer. 



,10ll\ K. BIRGER, Jr., Seciftan. 



-.-> NEW ERA MANUFAGTURING SOMPANY-^ 



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Address, NEW ERA MANF'G CO.. Lancaster, Pa. 



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RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. 



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STKVE J. OWBNS, 

OENERAL AQENT, 

CITY HALL, CKNTTRK SQUARK, 



LANCASTER, PENN'A. 



OF THE CITY OF LANCASTER, PA. 



71 



J. Fred. Sener. 



ESTABLISHED 1832. 



W. Z. Sener. 



^m. MMIM & 



»♦ 




LUMBER, COAL, 



SLATE, 







OFFICE A?<iD YAHOs 



N. E. Cor. Prince and Walnut Streets, Lancaster, Pa. 



BPHRATA, LANCASTER CO., PA. 



72 RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. 



J. R. Goodell 



& Co. 



DEALERS IN 



Coal, Lumber, 

Slate, 
Sash, Doors, 



AND ALL KINDS OF 



Building Material. 



OKKICE and YARD ; 



Northwest Corner Prince and Walnut Sts., 



LANCASTKR, P^A. 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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